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51.
52.
Agnès Guichet Stéphane Triau Catherine Lépinard Chantal Esculapavit Florence Biquard Philippe Descamps Férechté Encha-Razavi Dominique Bonneau 《黑龙江环境通报》2004,24(10):828-832
We report an interstitial deletion of chromosome 3q26-q28 in a fetus in which anophthalmia had been detected prenatally. FISH analysis, using BAC clones encompassing the SOX2 locus, showed that SOX2 gene was involved in the chromosomal breakpoint of the deletion. This case confirms that haploinsufficiency for SOX2 plays a crucial role in human eye development and emphasizes the necessity of careful chromosomal analysis, including FISH analysis of the 3q region, in case of prenatal discovery of anophthalmia. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
53.
In a population exhibiting partial migration (i.e. migration and residency tactics occur in the same population), the mechanisms
underlying the tactical choice are still unclear. Empirical studies have highlighted a variety of factors that could influence
the coexistence of resident and migratory individuals, with growth and body size considered to be key factors in the decision
to migrate. Most studies suffer from at least one of the two following caveats: (1) survival and capture probabilities are
not taken into account in the data analysis, and (2) body size is often used as a proxy for individual growth. We performed
a capture–mark–recapture experiment to study partial migration among juvenile brown trout Salmo trutta at the end of their first year, when a portion of the population emigrate from the natal stream while others choose residency
tactic. Bayesian multistate capture–recapture models accounting for survival and recaptures probabilities were used to investigate
the relative role of body size and individual growth on survival and migration probabilities. Our results show that, despite
an apparent effect of both size and growth on migration, growth is the better integrative parameter and acts directly on migration
probability whereas body size acts more strongly on survival. Consequently, we recommend caution if size is used as a proxy
for growth when studying the factors that drive partial migration in juvenile salmonid species. 相似文献
54.
Thomas Chertemps Nicolas Montagné Fran?oise Bozzolan Annick Maria Nicolas Durand Martine Ma?bèche-Coisne 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2012,99(7):537-543
Mast syndrome is a complicated form of human hereditary spastic paraplegias, caused by a mutation in the gene acid cluster protein 33, which encodes a protein designated as “maspardin.” Maspardin presents similarity to the α/β-hydrolase superfamily, but might lack enzymatic activity and rather be involved in protein–protein interactions. Association with the vesicles of the endosomal network also suggested that maspardin may be involved in the sorting and/or trafficking of molecules in the endosomal pathway, a crucial process for maintenance of neuron health. Despite a high conservation in living organisms, studies of maspardin in other animal species than mammals were lacking. In the cotton armyworm Spodoptera littoralis, an insect pest model, analysis of an expressed sequence tag collection from antenna, the olfactory organ, has allowed identifying a maspardin homolog (SlMasp). We have investigated SlMasp tissue distribution and temporal expression by PCR and in situ hybridization techniques. Noteworthy, we found that maspardin was highly expressed in antennae and associated with the structures specialized in odorant detection. We have, in addition, identified maspardin sequences in numerous “nonmammalian” species and described here their phylogenetic analysis in the context of metazoan diversity. We observed a strong conservation of maspardin in metazoans, with surprisingly two independent losses of this gene in two relatively distant ecdysozoan taxa that include major model organisms, i.e., dipterans and nematodes. 相似文献
55.
56.
Liette Vasseur Lise Lafrance Colette Ansseau Dominique Renaud Daniel Morin Thérèse Audet 《Environmental management》1997,21(3):359-365
/ It has been suggested that the general public should be moreinvolved in environmental policy and decision making. It is important forthem to realize that they will have to live with the consequences ofenvironmental policies and decisions. Consequently, policy makers shouldconsider the concerns and opinions of the general public before makingdecisions on environmental issues. This raises questions such as: How can weintegrate the perceptions and reactions of the general population inenvironmental decisions? What kind of public participation should weconsider? In the present study, using a new regional ecosystem model, weattempted to integrate these aspects in its decision making model byincluding the formation of an advisory committee to resolve problems relatedto waste management. The advisory committee requested the activeparticipation of representatives from all levels of the community: economic,municipal, and governmental intervenors; environmental groups; and citizens.Their mandates were to examine different management strategies available inthe region, considering all the interdisciplinary aspects of each strategy,elaborate recommendations concerning the management strategies that are mostsuitable for all, and collaborate in communication of the information to thegeneral population. The results showed that at least in small municipalitiessuch an advisory committee can be a powerful tool in environmental decisionmaking. Conditions required for a successful consultation process, such aseveryday lay language and the presence of a facilitator other than ascientific expert, are discussed.KEY WORDS: Public consultation; Environmental policies;Interdisciplinary aspects; Municipal sewage sludge management; Generalpopulation; Decision-making process 相似文献
57.
E. Pipiras C. Dupont S. Chantot-Bastaraud J. P. Siffroi M. Bucourt A. Batallan C. Largillière M. Uzan J. P. Wolf B. Benzacken 《黑龙江环境通报》2004,24(2):101-103
True structural chromosomal mosaicism are rare events in prenatal cytogenetics practice and may lead to diagnostic and prognostic problems. Here is described the case of a fetus carrying an abnormal chromosome 15 made of a whole chromosome 2p translocated on its short arm in 10% of the cells, in association with a normal cell line. The fetal karyotype was 46,XX,add(15)(p10).ish t(2;15)(p10;q10)(WCP2+)[3]/46,XX[27]. Pregnancy was terminated and fetus examination revealed a growth retardation associated with a dysmorphism including dolichocephaly, hypertelorism, high forehead, low-set ears with prominent anthelix and a small nose, which were characteristic of partial trisomy 2p. Possible aetiologies for prenatal mosaicism involving a chromosomal structural abnormality are discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
58.
The effect of urban pollution on the enzymatic activities of two copepod species, Acartia clausi and Centropages typicus, was studied in the Marseille area (main sewage output of Cortiou) from May 1980 through June 1981. By means of electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel, we studied activities of esterases, leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and malic enzyme (ME). The results are based on 124 analyses of A. clausi and 127 of C. typicus. The zymograms revealed important changes in enzyme activities connected with pollution which were either qualitative or quantitative in nature; the most distinct and frequent changes were displayed by the esterases, whose general activity considerably decreased at the most polluted stations; also, the relative activity of the different esterase fractions changed, and certain fractions did not appear at all. Leucine aminopeptidase zymograms displayed little change; those of MDH and ME often exhibited an additional fraction in the polluted area. The results clearly show the impact of urban pollution at the enzymatic level. The changes appear to be a physiological response of the organisms to environmental conditions, and demonstrate the profound effects that an ecological perturbation can have on the physiology of organisms. 相似文献
59.
60.
The level of specialization of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema scapterisci with its native Xenorhabdus symbiont was investigated by testing (1) the influence of non-native bacterial strains on nematode fitness within an insect-host
(Galleria mellonella) and (2) specificity of the association between the nematode infective juveniles and non-native bacteria. All non-native
Xenorhabdus spp. or Photorhabdus spp. strains tested were mutualistically associated with other entomopathogenic nematodes in nature. We showed that most
of the Xenorhabdus spp. strains tested led to an insignificant difference of the nematode's fitness compared to the one obtained with the native
bacterium. Conversely, Photorhabdus spp. strains almost entirely abolished nematode reproduction. The phylogenetic analysis of bacterial strains tested, showed
that there was a negative correlation between S. scapterisci's reproduction rate with a bacterial strain and the genetic distance of this bacterial strain from the native one. We also
showed that the native bacterium was the only one which was transmitted by S. scapterisci's infective juveniles. All these results, suggested a specialization between S. scapterisci and its native Xenorhabdus. As the same phenomenon was already demonstrated in the association between S. carpocapsae and X. nematophila, specialization between partners would not be an exception in entomopathogenic nematode-bacteria interactions. Nevertheless,
S. scapterisci showed a dramatically higher compatibility with non-native Xenorhabdus spp. strains than did S. carpocapsae, suggesting differences in the co-evolutionary processes between nematodes and bacteria in these two model systems.Table 1 List of the bacterial strains, native nematode species with their geographical origin, accession numbers of bacterial 16S
rDNA partial sequences and number of combination experiments for each bacterium tested
相似文献
Bacterial species and strains | Native nematode species | Accession no. of the 16S rDNA sequence | Geographical origin | No. of combination experiments |
---|---|---|---|---|
X. innexi UY61 | S. scapterisci | AY521243 | Uruguay | 80 |
X. poinarii SK72 | S. glaseri | AY521239 | USA | 40 |
X. beddingii Q58 | Steinernema sp. | D78006 | Australia | 40 |
X. bovienii FR10 | S. feltiae | AY521240 | France | 40 |
Xenorhabdus sp. USTX62 | S. riobrave | AY521244 | USA | 40 |
X. nematophila F1 | S. carpocapsae | AY521241 | France | 40 |
P. luminescens TT01 | H. bacteriophora | AJ007404 | Trinidad | 40 |
P. temperata XLNACH | H. megidis | AJ007405 | Russia | 40 |