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131.
Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Bamboo Microfibril Reinforced Polyhydroxybutyrate Biocomposites
R. Krishnaprasad N. R. Veena Hanna J. Maria Rathish Rajan Mikael Skrifvars Kuruvilla Joseph 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2009,17(2):109-114
In the present investigation, microfibrils were extracted from raw bamboo and characterized using scanning electron microscope.
Composites based on polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and bamboo microfibril were prepared with various microfibril loading. The mechanical
and thermal properties of the resulting composites were measured. Tensile strength and impact strength of the composites were
found to be increasing with increase in the loading of bamboo microfibrils, reached an optimum and thereafter decreased with
further increase in microfibril loading. Percentage crystallinity was found to be increasing with increase in fibril loading.
Thermal stability of the composite was higher than that of pure PHB. The composite could be developed further for various
structural applications. 相似文献
132.
In the present study we investigate the fate of citalopram (CIT) at neutral pH using advanced water treatment technologies that include O3, ClO2 oxidation, UV irradiation and Fenton oxidation. The ozonation resulted in 80% reduction after 30 min treatment. Oxidation with ClO2 removed >90% CIT at a dosage of 0.1 mg L−1. During UV irradiation 85% reduction was achieved after 5 min, while Fenton with addition of 14 mg L−1 (Fe2+) resulted in 90% reduction of CIT. During these treatment experiments transformation products (TPs) were formed from CIT, where five compounds were identified by using high resolution and tandem mass spectrometry. Among these desmethyl-citalopram and citalopram N-oxide have been previously identified as human metabolites, while three are novel and published here for the first time. The three TPs are a hydroxylated dimethylamino-side chain derivative, a butyrolactone derivative and a defluorinated derivative of CIT. 相似文献
133.
Brustad M Sandanger TM Andersen V Lund E 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2007,9(7):682-686
The aim of the study was to investigate the hypothesis that consumption of fish liver increases cancer risk in humans due to increased intake of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). This study is based on data from the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study (NOWAC). The study has a prospective cohort design with questionnaire data from 64 285 randomly selected Norwegian women (aged 40-70 at baseline) and linkage to the Norwegian Cancer Registry. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate risk ratios associated with consumption of fish liver and total cancer and cancer in breast, uterus, and colon. Fish liver consumption was, after adjusting for known risk factors, associated with a significant reduced risk for total cancer (RR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.85, 0.99), and non-significant reduced risk for breast cancer (RR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.78, 1.04), and colon cancer (RR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.63, 1.07). Relative risk for uterus cancer was 0.82 (95% CI: 0.61-1.12). No significant dose-response effect was found for frequency of fish liver consumption (when divided into three intake groups) and total cancer, nor for any of the other cancer sites.We have concluded that in Norwegian women, fish liver consumption was not associated with an increased cancer risk in breast, uterus, or colon. In contrast, a decreased risk for total cancer was found. 相似文献
134.
T.J. Wallington M.P. Sulbaek Andersen O.J. Nielsen 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(11):1478-1481
The photochemical ozone creation potentials (POCPs) for CF3CFCH2 and other commercially significant hydrofluoroolefins have been estimated for the first time. CF3CFCH2 (HFO-1234yf) has a POCP of 7.0 which is less than that for ethane (12.3) and greater than for methane (0.6). Methane and ethane have sufficiently low POCPs that they are usually considered unreactive with respect to ozone formation in urban areas and accordingly are exempt from volatile organic compound (VOC) emission regulations. Estimated POCPs for other hydrofluoroolefins are: CH2CF2, 18.0; CF2CF2, 12.5; CH2CHCF3, 10.7; CF2CFCF3, 5.4; Z-CHFCFCF3, 5.6; E-CHFCFCF3, 7.3; CH2CHCF2CF3, 6.6; and t-CHFCHCF3, 6.4. 相似文献
135.
Scientific information is not always effectively incorporated into decision-making processes. This phenomenon seems to hold
even when the information is aligned with an articulated need, is generated according to sound scientific procedures, and
is packaged with end-user preferences in mind. We propose that contextual or cultural differences contribute significantly
to the misalignment in communication between those who generate information and those who seek information for improved management
of natural resources. The solution is to cultivate shared understanding, which in turn relies on acknowledgment and sharing
of diverse values and attitudes. This constitutes a difficult challenge in a culturally diverse environment. Whereas cultural
diversity represents wealth in experiences, knowledge and perspectives it can constrain the potential to develop the shared
understandings necessary for effective integration of new information. This article illustrates how a lack of shared understanding
among participants engaged in a resource-management process can produce and perpetuate divergent views of the world, to the
extent that information and knowledge flows are ineffective and scientific information, even when requested, cannot be used
effectively. Four themes were distilled from interviews with management and scientific staff of a natural resource–management
agency in South Africa. The themes are used to illustrate how divergent views embedded in different cultures can discourage
alignment of effort toward a common purpose. The article then presents a sense-making framework to illustrate the potential
for developing shared understandings in a culturally diverse world. 相似文献
136.
Mikael Skou Andersen 《环境政策》2019,28(6):1084-1104
ABSTRACTThe momentum achieved for unilateral carbon taxes in seven European countries is examined. Why is it that small countries, despite being vulnerable to forces of international competition, have been able to implement carbon taxes? A review of national experiences does not suggest that the share of fossil fuels in the energy mix defines the room for such taxes, or point to a strong role for traditional left-right ideology. Rather, it is deep-seated patterns of national policy styles with neo-corporatist traits, providing a protective device for the open economies of small countries, which condition the introduction of carbon taxes. The associated routines of decision-making offer coordination mechanisms for proactive macroeconomic policies in which carbon taxation can find a place. Parliamentary democracies with proportional representation, as is common in the smaller countries, provide access to government for political parties that pursue carbon taxation. These in turn sensitise larger political parties to climate concerns, as they benefit from institutionalised practices and routines for problem-solving and consensus-seeking. 相似文献
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140.
Mikael van Deurs Jane W. Behrens Thomas Warnar John Fleng Steffensen 《Marine Biology》2011,158(8):1781-1789
The commercially and ecologically valuable sandeel (Ammodytes ssp.) make distinct vertical shifts between an inactive stage,
during which they seek refuge in the sand, and a pelagic schooling stage, during which they forage. This characteristic discontinuous
foraging pattern constitutes a challenge to fishery biologists and has consequences for a wide range of predators ranging
from birds and mammals to commercially important species. However, experimental studies that shed light on the primary drivers
of foraging activity in fish are rare. In the present study, whole schools of sandeel (A. tobianus) were caught in August in east Denmark (65°02′30N; 12°37′00E) and kept in large tanks in the laboratory. It was found that
the amount of food ingested and memory of past days feeding history are primary drivers of foraging activity at the level
of the entire school, whereas external factors such as prey concentration and temperature are merely secondary drivers. 相似文献