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151.
Sylwia Krzemińska Władysław M. Rzymski Monika Malesa Urszula Borkowska Mariusz Oleksy 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2016,22(3):350-359
Resistance to permeation of noxious chemical substances should be accompanied by resistance to mechanical factors because the glove material may be torn, cut or punctured in the workplace. This study reports on glove materials, protecting against mineral oils and mechanical hazards, made of carboxylated acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber (XNBR) latex. The obtained materials were characterized by a very high resistance of the produced materials to oil permeation (breakthrough time?>?480?min). The mechanical properties, and especially tear resistance, of the studied materials were improved after the addition of modified bentonite (nanofiller) to the XNBR latex mixture. The nanocomposite meets the requirements in terms of parameters characterizing tear, abrasion, cut and puncture resistance. Therefore, the developed material may be used for the production of multifunctional protective gloves. 相似文献
152.
Švec Roman Martinát Stanislav Pícha Kamil Klusáček Petr Knotek Jaroslav Schaefer Justin Calvin Březinová Monika Navrátil Josef 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2021,23(10):15074-15099
Environment, Development and Sustainability - Our aim is to determine the factors influencing a visitor’s decision to stay in a green accommodation facility. Visitors from six tourist sites... 相似文献
153.
154.
Lisa Dahlén Helena Åberg Anders Lagerkvist Per E.O. Berg 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2009,29(6):1798-1806
The aim of this study was to provide policy-makers and waste management planners with information about how recycling programs affect the quantities of specific materials recycled and disposed of. Two questions were addressed: which factors influence household waste generation and pathways? and how reliable are official waste data? Household waste flows were studied in 35 Swedish municipalities, and a wide variation in the amount of waste per capita was observed. When evaluating the effect of different waste collection policies, it was found to be important to identify site-specific factors influencing waste generation. Eleven municipal variables were investigated in an attempt to explain the variation. The amount of household waste per resident was higher in populous municipalities and when net commuting was positive. Property-close collection of dry recyclables led to increased delivery of sorted metal, plastic and paper packaging. No difference was seen in the amount of separated recyclables per capita when weight-based billing for the collection of residual waste was applied, but the amount of residual waste was lower. Sixteen sources of error in official waste statistics were identified and the results of the study emphasize the importance of reliable waste generation and composition data to underpin waste management policies. 相似文献
155.
Ecological theory predicts that low productivity systems should have low biodiversity. However, despite the oligotrophic status
of the Gulf of Aqaba (Northern Red Sea) ciliate species richness was unexpectedly high. In addition, phytoplankton, as main
ciliate prey, was made up by only few genera, indicating a significant niche overlap among the grazers. Up to 97% of the ciliates
were from the same taxonomic group and of the same size range, implying very similar food niches. Ciliate diversity was highest
at times of lowest chlorophyll concentrations, during the period of stable abiotic conditions, but relatively high genetic
diversity within the ciliate prey, notably among the cyanobacteria Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus. In the absence of disturbance and with little predation pressure, the alternate explanations for the observed ciliate diversity
are either very fine niche partitioning by the ciliates, or their competitive equivalence resulting in a random assortment
of species immigrating from a larger metacommunity, in accordance with Hubbell’s, (The unified neutral theory of biodiversity
and biogeography. Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2001) neutral model. While the use of species abundance distributions (SAD’s) is far from definitive, the theoretical SAD’s that
best fit the Gulf of Aqaba ciliate data was most often not that expected by neutral theory. 相似文献
156.
In several countries, older drivers are disproportionately involved in fatal road traffic crashes (RTCs) for various reasons. This study maps the circumstances of occurrence of crashes involving older drivers that are fatal to either them or other road users and highlights differences between them. Sweden’s national in-depth studies of fatal RTCs archive was used and focus was placed on crashes in which a driver aged 65 years or older was involved between 2002 and 2004 (n = 197). Thirteen driver and crash characteristics were analyzed simultaneously and typical crash patterns (classes) were highlighted. For each pattern, the proportions of crashes fatal to the older driver vs. to someone else were compared. Four patterns were identified: (1) crashes on low-speed stretches, involving left turn and intersections; (2) crashes involving very old drivers and older vehicles, (3) rear-end collisions on high-speed stretches; and (4) head-on and single-vehicle crashes in rural areas. Older drivers dying in the crash were over-represented in classes 2 and 4. The study shows that when older drivers are involved in fatal RTCs, they are often the ones who die (60%). Typical circumstances surrounding their involvement include manoeuvring difficulties, fast-moving traffic, and colliding in an old vehicle. Preventing fatal RTCs involving older drivers requires not only age-specific but also general measures. 相似文献
157.
Dirk Bunke Wolfgang Reuter Monika Kohla Andreas Ahrens 《Umweltwissenschaften und Schadstoff-Forschung》2005,17(2):114
Ziel und Hintergrund
Seit Oktober 2003 liegt der Verordnungsentwurf zur Neuordnung der europ?ischen Chemikalienpolitik vor. Aus ihm ergeben sich zahlreiche, zum Teil neuartige Aufgaben für Hersteller und Importeure von Chemikalien, Zubereitungen und Erzeugnissen, für nachgeschaltete Anwender und für den Handel. Die Landesregierung Nordrhein-Westfalen hat in einem Pilotprojekt Schlüsselelemente des REACH-Systems in der Praxis erprobt. In dieser Ver?ffentlichung werden Erfahrungen aus dem Projekt aufgezeigt, die speziell für die Textilveredlung wichtig sind. 相似文献158.
159.
160.
Moore PA Miles D Burns R Pote D Berg K Choi IH 《Journal of environmental quality》2011,40(5):1395-1404
We measured NH? emissions from litter in broiler houses, during storage, and after land application and conducted a mass balance of N in poultry houses. Four state-of-the-art tunnel-ventilated broiler houses in northwest Arkansas were equipped with NH? sensors, anemometers, and data loggers to continuously record NH? concentrations and ventilation for 1 yr. Gaseous fluxes of NH?, N?O, CH?, and CO? from litter were measured. Nitrogen (N) inputs and outputs were quantified. Ammonia emissions during storage and after land application were measured. Ammonia emissions during the flock averaged approximately 15.2 kg per day-house (equivalent to 28.3 g NH?per bird marketed). Emissions between flocks equaled 9.09 g NH? per bird. Hence, in-house NH? emissions were 37.5 g NH? per bird, or 14.5 g kg(-1) bird marketed (50-d-old birds). The mass balance study showed N inputs for the year to the four houses totaled 71,340 kg N, with inputs from bedding, chicks, and feed equal to 303, 602, and 70,435 kg, respectively (equivalent to 0.60, 1.19, and 139.56 g N per bird). Nitrogen outputs totaled 70,396 kg N. Annual N output from birds marketed, NH? emissions, litter or cake, mortality, and NO? emissions was 39,485, 15,571, 14,464, 635, and 241 kg N, respectively (equivalent to 78.2, 30.8, 28.7, 1.3, and 0.5 g N per bird). The percent N recovery for the N mass balance study was 98.8%. Ammonia emissions from stacked litter during a 16-d storage period were 172 g Mg(-1) litter, which is equivalent to 0.18 g NH? per bird. Ammonia losses from poultry litter broadcast to pastures were 34 kg N ha (equivalent to 15% of total N applied or 7.91 g NH? per bird). When the litter was incorporated into the pasture using a new knifing technique, NH? losses were virtually zero. The total NH? emission factor for broilers measured in this study, which includes losses in-house, during storage, and after land application, was 45.6 g NH? per bird marketed. 相似文献