白洋淀地区污染状况的生物毒性评价

从1992年10月到1994年4月先后几次对白洋淀集水区,包括淀区及排污河道等十几个样点进行了水样采集和多指标生物毒性检验。选用的生物组合包括：荧光发光菌（Photobacteriumphosphorum）、斜生栅藻（Scenedesmusobliqnus）和大型（Daphiniamagna）,罗非鱼（Tilapiamossambica）鱼肝细胞毒性检验,结果表明大部分样品对光合藻有明显刺激生长的作用。污水库沿线和安新县排污渠水样对浮游动物有毒性作用。府河沿线的水样仅对鱼肝细胞有毒性作用,对发光菌无明显抑制。这些潜在的生物毒性效应是否会影响白洋淀淀区的水生生态系统,需进一步深入研究。     

壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚在印染废水处理工艺中的去除研究

为减少印染助剂壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(nonylphenol ethoxylates,NPEO)及其降解产物壬基酚(nonylphenol,NP)随印染废水进入水体造成的不利环境影响,对2种常规印染废水处理净水工艺处理含NPEO的模拟印染废水效率开展了研究。研究发现,结合厌氧水解和曝气氧化的生物处理工艺能迅速地将废水中NPEO去除,去除率达到90%以上,但排水中残余一定含量的NP、短链NPEO和短链壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚酸酯(nonylphenol polyethoxycarboxylate,NPEC),在减少排水中NP、短链NPEO和短链NPEC浓度方面,接触氧化法比活性污泥法效果更好。排水中的NP和短链NPEO来自厌氧水解阶段长链NPEO的降解;减少排水中NP、短链NPEO需要减少厌氧水解阶段产生的短链NPEO。     

Occurrence of estrogenic effects in sewage and industrial wastewaters in Beijing, China

Estrogenic potencies of the effluents or water samples from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), industries and hospitals and some receiving rivers in Beijing city were estimated by using a human estrogen receptor recombinant yeast assay. Estrogenic activity of industrial wastewaters was found to range from 0.1 to 13.3 ng EEQ/L and decreased to the range of 0.03-1.6 ng EEQ/L after treatment. Estrogenic activity in WWTP influent ranged from 0.3 to 1.7 ng EEQ/L and decreased to the range of 0.05-0.5 ng EEQ/L after treatment. In the receiving river waters, the estrogenic effect range was 0.1-4.7 ng EEQ/L. These data suggest that treated industrial effluents and WWTP effluents of concern are not the only source of estrogenic pollution in surface waters in Beijing city. EEQ levels in Beijing river water are likely attributable to untreated municipal and industrial wastewaters discharged directly into the river.     

锂离子电池组热失控蔓延热传递机制的影响研究

分析通风和电池组数量对电池组热失控发展蔓延热传递机制的影响.选择荷电状态(SOC)为100％的镍钴锰(NCM523)三元锂离子动力电池组作为研究对象,改变电池组底部外加热源的热流量和加热时间,利用多物理场仿真软件COMSOL,进行热滥用导致不同风速通风环境和不同电池数量电池组热失控过程的模拟.结果表明:随着风速不断增大...     

The suppressive effect of renewables on nuclear energy: implications for OECD countries

Environmental Economics and Policy Studies - This paper studies the impact of renewables on nuclear energy consumption in 15 OECD countries over the period 1991–2015. We find that the share...     

长春供暖季室内外PM2.5浓度垂直分布与分析

为研究严寒地区供暖季室内外PM_(2.5)浓度的垂直分布,在供暖季分别对长春某高层居住建筑1、8、15、24、33楼层的室内外PM_(2.5)浓度进行监测,研究不同楼层室内外PM_(2.5)的浓度与变化特征。采用随机组分重叠模型(RCS)方法研究各楼层PM_(2.5)渗透因子,采用逐步回归分析方法研究室内PM_(2.5)浓度的各影响因素。结果表明:在供暖季,长春市高层建筑的不同楼层均存在一定的PM_(2.5)污染,室内外PM_(2.5)浓度随楼层升高大体呈现减小的趋势,但差异不显著。室内外PM_(2.5)浓度存在显著的相关性(P 0.05),在没有室内污染源时,室外颗粒物渗透是室内污染的主要来源。室内PM_(2.5)浓度与房间面积等没有显著相关性。     

Determination of estrogens and estrogenic activities in water from three rivers in Tianjin, China

Studies on estrogenic disrupting compounds(EDCs) occurrence and identification of main responsible compounds in river water discharged into the sea are of significance.In the present research,we screened estrogenic activities of 10 river water samples from 3 main rivers discharged into Bohai Sea in Tianjin using a recombinant two-hybrid yeast assay and chemical analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.All sample extracts induced significant estrogenic activity,with 17β-estradiol equivalents(EEQ) of raw water ranging from 5.72 to 59.06 ng/L.Six most concerned EDCs in the river water samples including estrone,17β-estradiol,17α-ethinylestradiol,estriol,diethylstilbestrol and estradiol valerate were determined,with their concentrations up to 50.70,31.40,24.40,37.20,2.56,and 8.47 ng/L,respectively.Through causality analysis by comparing the EEQ values of yeast assay and chemical analysis,17α-ethinylestradiol and 17β-estradiol were identified as the main contributors to the estrogenic effects of the river samples,accounting for the whole estrogenic activities(62.99% to 185.66%),and estrogen antagonistic compounds might presented in the heavy polluted water samples.The proposed approach using both chemical analysis and bioassay could be used for identification and evaluation of the estrogenic activity of EDCs in river water.     

锥形凹模内挤压/拉拔过程的上限解分析

论述了适用于分析锥形凹模内挤压/拉拔过程的几种上限模型,分析了采用一般模型得到的上限解.     

A new hypothesis for the etiology of Kaschin-Beck disease

Kaschin-Beck disease (KBD) could be exogeneous free radical induced endemic osteoarthropathy under conditions of lacking necessary antioxidant defences.especially selenium-cored defence in Chinese eco-en-vironment. Experimental evidences have been provided for the internal relations among previously suggested pathologic factors, i.e., selenium deficiency, organic matters of drinking waterand mycotoxins from contaminated grains, based on the facts that the former is a preventory factor while the others are exogenous freeradical carriers. ESR spectrum shows that these exogenous free radical carriers have a property of semi-quinone compounds and are toxic in in-vitro cartilage cell culture and animal tests in inducing lipid peroxidation process.     

白洋淀府河沿线水样毒性及其与污染物类型的关系

对白洋淀府河沿线水样进行了多种生物毒性测试，并用柱色层分离方法连续去除水中阳离子、阴离子和有机物后以斜生栅藻和发光菌为指标，鉴定了所采集水样毒性的产生原因。认为府河水样主要被对斜生栅藻生长有促进作用的营养物质污染，同时伴有轻度亲脂污染物的抑制作用。