玛瑙河干流大型底栖动物群落结构特征分析及水生态评价

为探究玛瑙河干流大型底栖动物群落结构及其影响因素,于2021年1月(枯水期)和2021年7月(丰水期)分别对其进行水质监测和大型底栖动物样品采集,调查并记录生境状况和环境特征,采用FBI (family biotic index, 科级生物指数)评价法和冗余分析法(RDA)探究不同水情期水环境状况及大型底栖动物群落结构的主要影响因子. 结果表明:①玛瑙河干流大型底栖动物群落结构时空差异显著,丰、枯水期共采集到大型底栖动物691个,隶属于2门4纲10目26科28种,优势物种共18种,个体数量、丰富度及优势物种数均呈现丰水期>枯水期,其中枯水期以双壳纲种类最多,丰水期以昆虫纲种类最多;②玛瑙河干流枯水期FBI评价结果以一般和轻度污染为主,丰水期以很清洁和极清洁为主,上游和中游河段水体污染较为严重,水质状况总体较2020年有所提升;③影响枯水期大型底栖动物群落结构的主要环境因子为水温、流速和PO₄3?浓度,丰水期为COD_Mn. 研究显示,玛瑙河干流大型底栖动物群落结构及其主要环境影响因子在不同水情期存在显著差异,丰水期水质状况良好,枯水期部分河段水体存在污染,需引起重视.      

Soil screening for identifying ecological risk stressors using a battery of in vitro cell bioassays

Soil screening could be a process of identifying and defining areas, contaminants, and condition at the sites that warrant further attention for developing ecological risk assessments. In present work, a total of 41 surface soil samples from Tianjin, China were sampled and the soil organic extracts were evaluated using a battery of in vitro cell bioassays. The battery included ethoxyresorfin O-deethylase (EROD) with H4IIE rat hepatoma cells bioassay for Aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor (Ah-agonists) effects, the SOS/umu bioassay for genotoxic effects, and human estrogen receptor recombinant yeast bioassay for estrogenic effects. The results have showed that total estrogenic effects in these soil samples was measured to be between 0.1 and 14.2ng EEQkg(-1) soil (d.w.); Ah-agonists effects assayed by EROD bioassay varied from 2.8ng TEQkg(-1) soil (d.w.) to 42.6ng TEQkg(-1) soil (d.w.), and the amounts of soil weight required for the extracts to lead positive result (IR 2.0) in the SOS/umu bioassay were between 3.9 and 31.3mg (d.w.) per well. In addition, the geographic distributions of Ah-agonists effects and genotoxic effects in Tianjin area exhibited a strong positive correlation with each other. However, the distribution of estrogenic effects with high levels in northwest Tianjin was markedly different from that of Ah-agonists effects, where the high levels were distributed in the urban of Tianjin, as well as coastal towns. It has been concluded that the toxicity assessment of surface soil using a battery of in vitro cell bioassays could provided meaningful information regarding characterization procedure in ecological risk assessment.     

长期立贮固体发动机药柱变形预估方法研究

目的 研究老化与颠振影响下长期立式贮存固体发动机药柱的蠕变特性,基于广义Kelvin模型,构建一种考虑老化和损伤因素的蠕变本构模型。方法 通过开展温度与应力加速蠕变试验、高温加速老化试验以及往复拉伸损伤试验,获得老化与损伤对蠕变的影响规律,建立蠕变预测模型,获取模型参数,并将其嵌入有限元软件。结果 利用所得蠕变本构模型计算了某型发动机立式贮存15 a后药柱蠕变的应力应变,结果表明,考虑老化因素后,发动机药柱的最大等效应力增大了96.84%,最大等效应变减小了4.07%,在同时考虑老化与损伤因素后,最大等效应力增加了82.77%,最大等效应变减小了3.62%。结论 对比不同条件下的仿真结果,老化和损伤对发动机蠕变状态的影响较大。使用该模型能够较好地体现出固体发动机药柱的老化硬化和损伤软化。     

官厅水库及永定河水中挥发性有机物分布规律

以吹扫/捕集方法定量测定了采自官厅水库库区及下游泳定河水中的挥发性有机污染物的含量，共检测到26种有机污染物，其中9种属于国家地表水环境质量标准（GHZB1-1999）中特定项目。主要是卤代烃、苯系物、硝基苯、丁酮、氯乙腈等，挥发性有机污染物的总含量为19.37-100.92mg/L，未栓出三卤代甲烷类化合物。根据污染物浓度的空间分布规律，对上述污染物来源进行了初步分析。