二氧化钛脱除高温烟气中的氯化氢

HCl是城市垃圾焚烧产生的主要气体污染物之一。将一种新型脱氯剂TiO2引入到垃圾焚烧系统中,并与其他脱氯剂的性能进行比较。研究了不同脱氯剂使用量、不同反应温度和不同HCl气体浓度对TiO2、CaO和CaTiO3脱氯效果的影响。结果显示,TiO2能在高温(800~1 000℃)、高HCl浓度(1 303.6~1 629.5 mg/m3)下获得较好的脱氯效果。与传统的脱氯剂CaO相比,TiO2更适合于高温烟气脱氯,其在1 000℃时的氯容(36.3 mg HCl/g TiO2)几乎是相同情况下的CaO氯容(9.3 mg HCl/g CaO)的4倍。而CaTiO3的脱氯效果不但受到自身分解效率的影响,还受到TiO2和CaO脱氯效果的影响,其脱氯效果较差。     

新疆核试验场周围地区主要食品中~(90)Sr(锶)、~(137)Cs(铯)水平及其所致居民剂量

本文报道了新疆核试验场周围地区9个调查区17种主要食品中~(90)Sr、~(137)Cs含量分别为1.1～72.3,0.3～40.7×10~(-2)B_q·Kg~(-1);3个对照区分别为1.6～68.4,0.6～27.4×10~(-2)B_q·K_g~(-1)。两地区同类食品中~(90)Sr、~(137)Cs平均含量基本一致。调查区~(90)Sr、~(137)Cs所致成年居民有效剂量当量值分别为2μSV(集体剂量当量为30.0人· SV);0.3μSV(4.5人· SV)。对照区分别为2.2μSV(集体剂量当量为20.9人·SV);0.4μSV(3.0人·SV)。可见我国核试验产生的~(90)Sr、~(137)Cs对核试验场周围地区食品没有造成明显的局部污染,所致居民剂量当量负担仅为我国天然外照射所致年有效剂量当量(952μSV)的0.2％和0.03％。对该地区的广大居民健康不会产生有害的影响。     

表面活性剂对极性有机物在沉积物上吸附的影响

研究了苯酚、苯胺和对硝基苯酚在沉积物-十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)体系中的分配特性.结果表明200mg/L和1200mg/L的SDBS存在下,苯胺和对硝基苯酚的沉积物-水分配系数均增大,分配作用的增大倍数与有机物的K_ow呈正相关;苯酚的分配系数则因表面活性剂存在浓度的不同分别增大和减小.十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)、Triton X-100(TX100)和Brij30存在下,苯酚等温吸附实验表明:表面活性剂浓度约低于其临界胶束浓度(CMC)时,苯酚的吸附量增大;表面活性剂浓度约高于其CMC时,苯酚的吸附量比纯水中的吸附量小.     

The influences of fly ash on stabilization for Cd in contaminated soils

Soil contaminated with potentially toxic metals (PTMs) has being a global environmental issue, which needs to be addressed on the priority basis. Fly ash (FA) is a kind of low-cost alkaline materials, which has been widely used in remediation of soil contaminated by PTMs, while the effects of FA on the stability for PTMs in contaminated farmland soil are still not clearly evaluated. In this study, cadmium (Cd) contaminated soil samples, collected from Shaanxi (SX), Hubei (HB), and Zhejiang (ZJ) province of China, were amended with FA addition (0, 1%, 2.5%, 5%, and 10% dose), and 1-year changes of Cd availability in soil samples were focused on. In addition, biological assessment method through pot culture was carried out to evaluate the reuse potential of Cd contaminated soils amended by FA. The result indicated that FA had a notable impact on decreasing the Cd mobility of SX soil (sand type), with 18.2~52.1% reduction in the DTPA extractable solution, followed by HB soil with 5.9~16.7% reduction, but no obvious effect of FA on ZJ soil (clay type) was observed. Furthermore, the results of pot experiment revealed that FA application could increase the biomass of Chinese cabbage. However, the DTPA extractable Cd in soils after planation and the Cd accumulation of plant increased. The results revealed that FA was not a promising soil stabilizer to immobilize HMs in Cd contaminated soil, and careful consideration should be given to Cd contaminated soils with FA restoration especially in their using for farmland productive due to the remaining risk of Cd bioavailability. These results also contributed to provide references for similar soil pollution remediation.

     

阿尔泰地区华力西期火山作用与金矿的关系

阿尔泰地区华力西期火山作用强烈,火山岩分布广泛.根据火山活动方式、火山岩的空间分布及岩石组合,火山作用的构造背景,将本区划分为5个构造-岩浆岩带.在分析全区火山岩的岩石学、岩石化学、地球化学和稀土元素等特征的基础上,进而讨论了火山作用的构造地质背景,指出了华力西期阿尔泰地区为板块碰撞机制下的沟、弧、盆体系.火山作用与金成矿作用关系的研究表明:形成金矿化的诸多因素,包括矿质来源、动力源、矿液通道、容矿围岩等都与火山作用有关;金矿成矿带的空间展布受构造-岩浆岩带的控制.     

电池企业铅污染土壤稳定化修复实验研究

采用电池企业的场地土壤进行实验,研究了铅污染土壤中混合施加过磷酸钙(C)、膨润土(B)和腐殖酸(H)后对土壤中铅形态及浸出毒性的影响,同时研究了在相同固定剂组合中改变单一固定剂投加量对土壤修复效果的影响。结果表明,(1)经不同配比的C+B、B+H、和H+C组合方式处理后,土壤中铅的有效态质量分数明显降低,而有机结合态和残渣态质量分数增加。固定时间为40 d时,其修复效果优于25 d。修复后土壤的有效态铅大部分转化为有机结合态,其中经过20%B+20%H和10%H+6%C处理后,有效态铅质量分数降低幅度较大,分别从331.3 mg·kg-1降至91.8 mg·kg-1和96.57 mg·kg-1;相应地,有机结合态铅质量分数增加幅度也较大,分别从57.19 mg·kg-1升至264.28 mg·kg-1和267.99 mg·kg-1;(2)C+B组合投加处理中,土壤修复效果随膨润土投加量增加而降低,B+H组合投加处理中,土壤修复效果随着腐殖酸投加量的增加而增加,H+C组合投加处理中,随过磷酸钙投加量增加,土壤修复效果也呈增加趋势。(3)经不同处理固定修复后,土壤浸出液中铅的质量浓度大幅降低,对周周水环境的风险降低。