金堆城超大型钼矿床水-岩δD-δ~(18)O同位素交换体系理论模型及成矿流体来源

基于水-岩δD-δ18O同位素交换体系理论模型的建立和计算，对金堆城超大型斑岩钼矿四个不同成矿期中成矿流体的演化和来源进行了研究，发现在成矿前期和早期，成矿流体为岩浆水与围岩在较低水／岩比值（0．1W／R＞0．001）和中、高温（t=250～500℃）条件下反应后的残余流体，而主成矿期和成矿晚期的成矿流作为大气降水在相对较高水／岩比值（0．5＞W／R0．1）和中、低温（t＝150～310℃）条件下与围岩反应后的残留流体。大气降水在金堆城钼矿成矿过程中起了重要作用。在主成矿期水／岩比值达到最高。     

Variations in exposure to in-vehicle particle mass and number concentrations in different road environments

Road environments significantly affect in cabin concentration of particulate matter (PM). This study conducted measurements of in-vehicle and on-road concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, PM1, and particle number (PN) in size of 0.02–1 µm, under six ventilation settings in different urban road environments (tunnels, surface roads and elevated roads). Linear regression was then used to analyze the contributions of multiple predictor variables (including on-road concentrations, temperature, relative humidity, time of day, and ventilation settings) to measured variations. On-road measurements of PM2.5, PM1, and PN concentrations from the open surface roads were 5.5%, 3.7%, and 16% lower, respectively, than those measured in tunnels, but 7.6%, 7.1% and 24% higher, respectively, than those on elevated roads. The highest on-road PM10 concentration was observed on surface roads. The time series pattern of in-vehicle particle concentrations closely tracked the on-road concentrations outside of the car and exhibited a smoother profile. Irrespective of road environment, the average I/O ratio of particles was found to be the lowest when air conditioning was on with internal recirculation, the highest purification efficiency via ventilation was obtained by switching on external air recirculation and air conditioning. Statistical models showed that on-road concentration, temperature, and ventilation setting are common factors of significance that explained 58%-80%, 64%-97%, and 87%-98% of the variations in in-vehicle PM concentrations on surface roads, on elevated roads, and in tunnels, respectively.

Implications: Inside vehicles, both driver and passengers will be exposed to elevated particle concentrations. However, for in-vehicle particles, there has been no comprehensive comparative study of the three-dimensional traffic environment including tunnels surface roads and elevated roads. This study focuses on the analysis of the trends and main influencing factors of particle concentrations in different road environments. The results can provide suggestions for the driver's behavior, and provide data support for the environmental protection department to develop pollutant concentration limits within the vehicle.     

气相色谱法测定黄河底泥中多氯联苯及有机氯农药

对黄河底泥样品中多氯联苯及有机氯农药，经索氏提取法处理后，用气相色谱法进行了测定，结果表明：（1）本方法的最低检出限为0.05-0.5ug/kg，达到了微量分析的要求。（2）采集的黄河底泥样品中，多氯联苯及有机氯农药污染较轻。（3）加标回收实验中，多氯联苯的回收率为68．8％－107％,有机氯农药的回收率为40．8％－81．1％。     

泥法A／O生物脱氮工艺处理腈纶废水和炼油废水

采用泥法Ａ／Ｏ生物脱氮工艺处理腈纶废水和炼油废水,出水中ＣＯＤ〈１００ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＮＨ３－Ｎ〈１５ｍｇ／Ｌ。但进水中油〉２０ｍｇ／Ｌ,ＮＨ３－Ｎ〉７００ｍｇ／Ｌ或ＳＣＮ＾－〉７０ｍｇ／Ｌ时,将对系统产生不良影响。本文介绍了１年来的运行情况,探讨了系统受影响的原因,并提出了改进建议。     

酒精蒸气/烟草粉尘两相混合体系最小点火能试验研究

在烟草加工的加香工序,挥发的酒精和搅拌混料产生的烟草粉尘形成气粉混合体系,其燃爆特性相较于单相烟草粉尘有较大变化。对20 L爆炸球进行了部分改造,可完成20℃～80℃环境温度、100%LEL以下酒精蒸气浓度、最大2 J电火花能量组合的气粉混合物的最小点火能测试。选用烘丝和加香烟草粉尘做对比,探究了环境温度和酒精蒸气浓度对酒精蒸气/烟草粉尘两相混合体系点火能的影响规律。结果表明：相同环境温度下,加香烟草粉尘的最小点火能比烘丝烟草粉尘低;加香粉尘、烘丝粉尘及混合体系的最小点火能随环境温度变化的趋势一致,均随温度的升高而降低;加入10%LEL的酒精蒸气后,相同温度下气粉混合体系的最小点火能低于单相烟草粉尘。随着环境温度的升高,二者的差值逐渐减小,酒精蒸气诱导烟草粉尘最小点火能降低的能力逐步减小甚至消失;在电点火条件下,当酒精蒸气浓度低于50%LEL时,气粉混合体系较难被点燃,当酒精蒸气浓度高于75%LEL时,混合体系较易被点燃。     

饮用水中苯并（a）芘的毛细管气相色谱分析

本文叙述了应用毛细管气相色谱测定饮用水中苯并（ａ）芘含量的方法，二氯甲烷用做提取剂，萃取１Ｌ水样，提取液在微沸状态下蒸干并定容，以不分流方式注入色谱仪进样口，样品在５０Ｍ张的ＳＥ－５４毛细管色谱柱上分离，氢火焰离子化检测器检测后，进行定性定量分析，方法的检测下限达２．５ｎｇ／ｌ，不仅能满足生活饮用水，也可满足天然饮用矿泉水，湖水，河水等水体中苯并（ａ）芘的检测。     

山东省地下水位下降引发的灾害及减灾对策

近二十年来山东省经济迅速发展与水资源匮乏的矛盾不断加剧。超量开采地下水导致地下水位持续的急剧下降，其结果引发了地裂缝、地面塌陷、海（咸）水入侵、生态环境恶化等一系列人为自然灾害。本文分析了这些灾害的基本特征并指出解决水资源不足是促进山东省经济持续高速发展并减轻地下水位下降灾害的根本措施。     

焊接工程质量与焊接工程文件

焊接质量只能是过程控制作为国际焊接标准体系中的核心标准ISO 3834给出过程控制手段就是焊接工程文件对不同质量等级对应的文件要求不同,等级越高的焊接产品,其过程控制的文件也越多,控制点更细,保证产品达到高品质要求.与之对比某事故工程的反例,该工程的焊接文件漏项多,过程控制不能保障焊接工程的安全.通过对比国际标准,发现由于国内产品焊接标准不够成熟,没有规定产品GB/T 12467质量等级(类似ISO 3834-2,3,4),因此文件分级欠专业要求.焊接制造业升级必然是标准先行,焊接标准明确质量等级,焊接工程文件体系也将完善,从而为保障焊接工程的安全运行保驾护航.     

微生物矿化修复重金属污染土壤

以选矿厂附近土壤为研究对象,分析了土壤中交换态重金属含量,As、Pb、Cd、Zn和Cu的交换态浓度为14.01、4.95、0.64、33.46和12.95 mg/kg。基于生物矿化原理,利用碳酸盐矿化菌生长代谢过程产生的脲酶来分解底物尿素,产生碳酸根离子,固结重金属离子,使得土壤中活泼的重金属离子转变为碳酸盐矿物态,降低其危险。研究了温度、pH和重金属离子对酶活性的影响,发现环境30℃温度有利于促进酶活性;在弱酸性条件下,底物分解量减少15%;重金属离子在低浓度时对脲酶活性影响不大,浓度提高后对酶活性抑制作用没有加剧。将制备好的微生物矿化修复制剂喷洒于1 000 m2的污染土壤中,实验结果发现,土壤中交换态重金属离子含量在0～20 cm范围内明显减少,As、Pb、Cd、Zn和Cu的交换态浓度分别减少至2.37、1.25、0.31、16.67和3.42 mg/kg。