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231.
Unai?IriarteEmail author Jon?I?aki?álvarez-Uriarte Rubén?López-Fonseca Juan?Ramón?González-Velasco 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2003,1(1):57-61
The relatively recent discovery of disinfection by-products has driven the main regulatory organisms to set maximum contaminant
levels for certain substances in drinking water. Trihalomethanes can be deemed as the most important group of by-products
in chlorinated surface waters. The present work has focused on trihalomethane formation in a full-scale water treatment plant.
We studied the effect of several factors, including ozonation, on trihalomethane levels in chlorinated treated water. The
treatment scheme also includes an ozonation step.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
232.
Miagostovich Marize Pereira Rocha Mônica Simões dos Reis Fabiane Bertoni Sampaio Marcelo Santos de Saldanha da Gama Gracie Carrijo Renata Malta Fabio Correia Rodrigues Janaína Genuino Amanda Ribeiro da Silva Assis Matheus Fumian Tulio Machado Barrocas Paulo Rubens Guimarães 《Food and environmental virology》2020,12(2):130-136
Food and Environmental Virology - The availability of drinking water is one of the main determinants of quality of life, disease prevention and the promotion of health. Viruses are important agents... 相似文献
233.
Juliano Gonçalves Pereira Vanessa Mendonça Soares Fernanda Gil de Souza Leonardo Ereno Tadielo Emanoelli Aparecida Rodrigues dos Santos Mário Celso Sperotto Brum Andreia Henzel Eduarda Hallal Duval Fernando Rosado Spilki Wladimir Padilha da Silva 《Food and environmental virology》2018,10(4):365-372
The aim of this study was to investigate hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis E (HEV), and rotavirus (RV) in fresh and processed meat traded on the border of Brazil with Argentina and Uruguay. In total, 159 samples of raw and processed foods of animal origin were collected in Paso de los Libres, Argentina (n?=?53 raw meat, n?=?24 processed meat) and Rivera, Uruguay (n?=?55 raw meat, n?=?18 processed meat), or were seized by the Brazilian International Agricultural Surveillance System—VIGIAGRO (Brazil–Argentina border) (n?=?8 raw meat, n?=?1 bush meat). All samples were tested for the presence of HAV, HEV, and RV genomes. HAV genes were detected in 18.23% of samples and RV genes in 23.89%. No HEV-positive samples were detected. HAV was also detected in two of the VIGIAGRO samples. Processed meats from Argentina and Uruguay had a higher rate of HAV and RV than raw meat (P?>?0.05). The median HAV in the Argentinian and Uruguayan samples was 6.9?×?104 and 3.5?×?103 copies/g, respectively. The presence of RV viral genes in raw meats from Argentina was significant, and this was not observed in processed meats. The presence of HAV and RV genes in a significant portion of products from Argentina and Uruguay is a potential source of human infection. This also indicates precarious conditions of acquisition, processing, and manipulation, which could be improved by improved regulation of food across borders. 相似文献
234.
Beatriz?Sánchez-González Aimara?Planillo álvaro?Navarro-CastillaEmail author Isabel?Barja 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2018,105(1-2):16
Predation is an unavoidable and dangerous fact in the lifetime of prey animals and some sign of the proximity of a predator may be enough to trigger a response in the prey. We investigated whether different degrees of predation risk by red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) evoke behavioural and physiological stress responses in wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus). We examined the variation in mice responses due to individual factors (sex and reproductive status) and related them to the concentration of the volatile compounds from fox faeces over time. In our experiment, we introduced predation cues into four plots, each subjected to a different concentration treatment (0, 10, 50 and 100% concentration of fresh faeces of red fox), based on the following outline: initial odourless phase 0, phase1 in which predation treatment was renewed daily, and phase 2 in which we renewed the treatment only on the first day. Wood mice were live trapped during all three phases and the physiological response was measured non-invasively by analysing faecal corticosterone metabolites (FCM) in freshly collected faeces. Data were analysed by Generalized Linear Mixed Models. Overall, males were trapped less often than females, and reproductively active individuals from both sexes avoided traps more than non-reproductively active individuals, especially in medium- and high- concentration plots. Variations in FCM concentrations were explained by plot, the interaction between plot and treatment phase, and the interaction between the treatment phase and the reproductive status. During phase 1, we detected a significant rise in FCM levels that increased with predator faecal odour concentration. Additionally, reproductively active individuals showed a strong physiological response during both phases 1 and 2 in all plots, except the control plot. Our results indicated that wood mice are able to discriminate different degrees of predation risk, which allows them to trigger gradual changes in their behavioural and physiological stress responses. 相似文献
235.
Ángela Asensio-Martínez Michael P. Leiter Santiago Gascón Stephanie Gumuchian Bárbara Masluk Paola Herrera-Mercadal 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2019,25(2):287-295
Employees working in the hospitality industry are constantly exposed to occupational stressors that may lead employees into experiencing burnout syndrome. Research addressing the interactive effects of control, community and value congruence to alleviate the impact of workplace demands on experiencing burnout is relatively limited. The present study examined relationships among control, community and value congruence, workplace demands and the three components of burnout. A sample of 418 employees working in a variety of hospitality associations including restaurants and hotels in Spain were recruited. Moderation analyses and linear regressions analyzed the predictive power of control, community and value congruence as moderating variables. Results indicate that control, community and value congruence were successful buffers in the relationships between workplace demands and the burnout dimensions. The present findings offer suggestions for future research on potential moderating variables, as well as implications for reducing burnout among hospitality employees. 相似文献
236.
Maria João Cruz Elisabeth Maria Rogier Robert Tiago Costa David Avelar Rui Rebelo Mário Pulquério 《Regional Environmental Change》2016,16(5):1293-1304
Assessing biodiversity vulnerability to future climate change is essential for developing robust adaptation strategies. A number of vulnerability assessment methodologies have been developed, from bioclimatic envelop models to more complex approaches that also consider biological traits and population status. However, the lack of comparative studies leaves the user to choose among the different methodologies without much guidance. This study applied three vulnerability assessment approaches to the Portuguese herpetofauna: (I) impact assessment approach based on bioclimatic models; (II) integrated vulnerability assessment approach, adding the evaluation of adaptive capacity to approach I; and (III) integrated vulnerability assessment and validation based on expert consultation. Results showed disagreement between the different approaches for 19 % of the species studied. Most differences were found between approach III and the two other approaches. All approaches showed advantages and limitations, the choice of a methodology being ultimately dependent on the study goals. Approach I has proven efficient to capture general vulnerability patterns. Approach II, although presenting results similar to approach I, allows for the identification of key factors affecting the species adaptive capacity and may be useful in tailoring adaptation measures. Approach III further allows us to identify knowledge gaps and to evaluate vulnerability when data availability or quality is reduced. Further, because this approach is based on an expert workshop, it has proven a perfect means to build on the vulnerability assessment results to identify indicator species and prioritize specific adaptation options. 相似文献
237.
238.
Rui Galhano dos Santos Patrícia Ventura João C. Bordado Maria M. Mateus 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2017,15(3):453-458
The world has become dependent on petroleum as a feedstock for most products that we use in our daily lives. As an alternative, bio-refineries that transform biomass into biofuels and primary chemicals are emerging. Actually, many wastes are not fully recycled. For instance, potato peel is a cheap residue available from the potato industry. Up to now, potato peel has been used mostly for livestock feeding. Here, potato peel waste was subjected to direct acid liquefaction at 160 °C in 2-ethylhexanol and diethylene glycol using p-toluene sulfonic acid as catalyst. The product was characterized by infrared spectroscopy, chemical analysis, hydroxyl number and acid value. Results show that liquefaction was achieved in yields higher than 80%. The reactional profile shows two time zones, one comprising the process of liquefaction and one corresponding to the process of decomposition. Kinetics indicate that the liquefaction process occurs 1.9 times faster than the decomposition process. Overall, our findings show for the first time that, despite the water content, potato peel waste can be used to produce bio-oil. The products can be further used as fuels or refined chemicals such as levulinic acid, furfural, 5-hydroxyfurfural, dimethyl furfural and sugars in fermentation processes. 相似文献
239.
Rui Lourenço Vincenzo Penteriani Maria del Mar Delgado Michela Marchi-Bartolozzi João Eduardo Rabaça 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2011,65(9):1709-1714
Intraguild predation (IGP) has been explained in terms of competitor-removal, food-stress and predator-removal hypotheses.
Only the first two hypotheses have been fairly well studied. To test the predator-removal hypothesis as a force determining
IGP in avian predators, we performed a field experiment to simulate the presence of an IG predator (eagle owl Bubo bubo dummy) in the surrounding of the nests of four potential IG prey (black kite Milvus migrans, red kite Milvus milvus, booted eagle Aquila pennata and common buzzard Buteo buteo). To discard the possibility that an aggressive reaction towards the eagle owl was not related to the presence of the IG
predator, we also presented a stuffed tawny owl Strix aluco, which is a potential competitor but cannot be considered an IG predator of the studied diurnal raptors considered in the
experiment. While almost always ignoring the tawny owl, raptors chiefly showed an interspecific aggressive behaviour towards
their IG predator. Our results seem to support the predator-removal hypothesis, as the IG prey may take advantage of the diurnal
inactivity of the IG predator to remove it from their territory. However, the recorded behaviour may be also considered as
a special variety of mobbing (i.e. a prey’s counter-strategy against its predator), where the mobber is sufficiently powerful
to escalate predator harassment into deliberate killing attempts. In their turn, eagle owls can respond with an IG predatory
behaviour aimed at removing IG prey species which are highly aggressive mobbers. 相似文献
240.
J. C. M. Pires A. Souza H. G. Pavão F. G. Martins 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(17):10550-10559
The effect of meteorological variables on surface ozone (O3) concentrations was analysed based on temporal variation of linear correlation and artificial neural network (ANN) models defined by genetic algorithms (GAs). ANN models were also used to predict the daily average concentration of this air pollutant in Campo Grande, Brazil. Three methodologies were applied using GAs, two of them considering threshold models. In these models, the variables selected to define different regimes were daily average O3 concentration, relative humidity and solar radiation. The threshold model that considers two O3 regimes was the one that correctly describes the effect of important meteorological variables in O3 behaviour, presenting also a good predictive performance. Solar radiation, relative humidity and rainfall were considered significant for both O3 regimes; however, wind speed (dispersion effect) was only significant for high concentrations. According to this model, high O3 concentrations corresponded to high solar radiation, low relative humidity and wind speed. This model showed to be a powerful tool to interpret the O3 behaviour, being useful to define policy strategies for human health protection regarding air pollution. 相似文献