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11.
Mohammad Goodarzi Erlinda V. Ortiz Leandro dos S. Coelho Pablo R. Duchowicz 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(26):3179-3186
This work aims to predict the air to water partitioning for 96 organic pesticides by means of the Quantitative Structure–Property Relationships Theory. After performing structural feature selection with Genetics Algorithms and Replacement Method linear approaches, it is found that among the most important molecular features appears the Moriguchi octanol–water partition coefficient, and higher lipophilicities would lead to compounds having higher Henry’s law constants. We also compare the statistical performance achieved by four fully-connected Feed-Forward Multilayer Perceptrons Artificial Neural Networks. The statistical results found reveal that the best performing model uses the Levenberg–Marquardt with Bayesian regularization (BR) weighting function for achieving the most accurate predictions. 相似文献
12.
João Carrola Nádia Santos Maria J. Rocha António Fontainhas-Fernandes Miguel A. Pardal Rogério A. F. Monteiro Eduardo Rocha 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(9):6057-6068
Fish are bioindicators of water pollution, and an increased rate of their erythrocyte nuclear morphological abnormalities (ENMAs)—and particularly of erythrocyte micronuclei (EMN)—is used as a genotoxicity biomarker. Despite the potential value of ENMAs and MN, there is scarce information about fish captured in Iberian estuaries. This is the case of the Portuguese estuaries of the Mondego, Douro and Ave, suffering from different levels of environmental stress and where chemical surveys have been disclosing significant amounts of certain pollutants. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate genotoxicants impacts and infer about the exposure at those ecosystems, using the grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) as bioindicator and considering the type and frequency of nuclear abnormalities of erythrocytes as proxies of genotoxicity. Sampling of mullets was done throughout the year in the important Mondego, Douro and Ave River estuaries (centre and north-western Portugal). The fish (total n?=?242) were caught in campaigns made in spring–summer and autumn–winter, using nets or fishing rods. The sampled mullets were comparable between locations in terms of the basic biometric parameters. Blood smears were stained with Diff-Quik to assess the frequencies of six types of ENMAs and MN (given per 1,000 erythrocytes). Some basic water physicochemical parameters were recorded to search for fluctuations matching the ENMAs. Overall, the most frequent nucleus abnormality was the polymorphic type, sequentially followed by the blebbed/lobed/notched, segmented, kidney shaped, vacuolated, MN and binucleated. The total average frequency of the ENMAs ranged from 73?‰ in the Mondego to 108?‰ in the Ave. The polymorphic type was typically ≥50 % of the total ENMAs, averaging about 51?‰, when considering all three estuaries. The most serious lesion—the MN—in fish from Mondego and Douro had a similar frequency (≈0.38?‰), which was significantly lower than that in the Ave (0.75?‰). No significant seasonal differences existed as to the MN rates and seasonal differences existed almost only in the Douro, with the higher values in AW. In general, the pattern of ENMAs frequencies was unrelated with the water physicochemical parameters. Considering the data for both the total ENMAs and for each specific abnormality, and bearing in mind that values of MN in fish erythrocytes >0.3?‰ usually reflect pollution by genotoxicants, it is suggested that mullets were likely being chronically exposed to such compounds, even in the allegedly less polluted ecosystem (Mondego). Moreover, data supported the following pollution exposure gradient: Mondego?<?Douro?<?Ave. The scenario and inferences nicely agree with the published data from chemical monitoring. 相似文献
13.
Cristina Barazzetti Barbieri Jorge Eduardo Souza Sarkis Luiz Antonio Martinelli Isabella C. A. C. Bordon Horst Mitteregger Jr. Marcos Antônio Hortellani 《Environmental Forensics》2014,15(2):134-146
A forensic approach was used to evaluate sediments from Portão Stream, including analysis of metals, carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stable isotopes, and C:N ratios. Samples collected at various points located along the stream were tested in order to investigate a possible illegal leachate input. The studied stream is heavily impacted by sewage and industrial discharges from two cities along its course. Among the metals analyzed, chromium (Cr) was noticeably the main pollutant, showing the highest levels, above regulatory limits, downstream from some potential sources of effluents enriched with this metal. Isotope analyses revealed a general trend of depletion in the heavier isotope along the stream for C and N. The exception was one point near a hazardous waste landfill, where relatively more enriched δ13C and δ15N values were found. The isotope and metal analysis results indicated that this site was affected by a particular source, demonstrating the combination of these parameters could be used for the discrimination of sources in a heavily polluted stream. Nevertheless, further investigations are necessary to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the biogeochemical processes involved in the incorporation of leachate in sediments to use this analysis as evidence for the illegal leachate discharge. 相似文献
14.
Ventura-Lima J Ramos PB Fattorini D Regoli F Ferraz L de Carvalho LM Monserrat JM 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2011,18(8):1270-1278
Introduction
This study aimed to analyze antioxidant responses and oxidative damage induced by two inorganic forms of arsenic (As; AsIII and AsV) in an estuarine polychaete species, Laeonereis acuta (Nereididae). The capacity of arsenic biotransformation was also evaluated through the methylation process considering the activity of a key enzyme involved in the metabolization process. 相似文献15.
Taking into account current environmental concerns, the main objective of this work focused a national inventory aiming to estimate the amount of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDF) released in Portugal in 2006. The methodology used was based on the Standardized Toolkit for Identification and Quantification of Dioxins and Furan Releases, developed by UNEP Chemicals, in 2005. The method allows the assessment of the amount of PCDD/PCDF released into the environment along five vectors involving air, water, land, products and residues. Facing some difficulties mainly regarding to the availability of data for some activities known to produce PCDD/PCDF, three scenarios (Sc1 to Sc3) corresponding to lower, central and upper estimates were established. The Sc1 scenario (lower estimate) includes the situations where in case of doubt or scarce information, reduced or none emission values were assumed, Sc2 refers to a central estimate, which is believed to be the most realistic for the Portuguese situation, while Sc3 corresponds to the worst case (upper estimate). The results obtained pointed out that the total amount of PCDD/PCDF emitted in Portugal during the period under analysis was in the range of 51.2-217.9 g TEQ year−1, with the most likely value of 95.2 g TEQ year−1 achieved under the Sc2 scenario. This study also showed that the methodology developed by UNEP Chemicals is a very simple one, and the main difficulty is the availability of data. The main indicators calculated in this study were 8.98 μg TEQ/(year person) by taking into account the total amount of PCDD/PCDF released, and 3.63 μg TEQ/(year person) when only air emissions were considered. 相似文献
16.
Castello L Viana JP Watkins G Pinedo-Vasquez M Luzadis VA 《Environmental management》2009,43(2):197-209
Fishers and small-scale fisheries worldwide have been marginalized historically. Now it is clear that integrating fishers
in management processes is key to resource conservation, but it is less clear how to do it. Here, based on a literature review and new information, we present and analyze a case in which the participation
of fishers in the management process was crucial in recovering an overexploited small-scale fishery for the pirarucu (Arapaima spp.) in the Amazon Basin, Brazil. In 8 years of experimental management, from 1999 to 2006, the population of pirarucu increased
9-fold (from about 2200 to 20,650 individuals), harvest quotas increased 10-fold (from 120 to 1249 individuals), and fishers’
participation in the management process increased and they benefited from increased monetary returns. Additionally, the number
of communities conducting the management scheme increased from 4 in 1999 to 108 in 2006, following the demands of fishers
and regional government agencies. Based on our analysis, we suggest that the participation of fishers in the management of
other small-scale fisheries in the world can be improved by focusing on (1) applying the knowledge and skills of fishers in
resource monitoring and management, (2) bridging knowledge systems among all involved stakeholders, (3) collaborating with
fishers that are interested in, and capable of conducting, resource conservation schemes, and (4) conducting management under
conditions of uncertainty. 相似文献
17.
18.
Alessandra A. Z. Rodrigues André Fernando De Oliveira Antônio Augusto Neves Fernanda F. Heleno Laércio Zambolim 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2017,52(12):850-857
This study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of several household practices (washing with water or acidic, alkaline, and oxidizing solutions, and peeling) in minimizing pesticide residue contamination of tomatoes, as well as the impact on the quality of the treated fruit. Tests were performed using two systemic fungicides (azoxystrobin and difenoconazole) and one contact fungicide (chlorothalonil). Solid-liquid extraction with low temperature partition (SLE/LTP) and liquid-liquid extraction with low temperature partition (LLE/LTP) were used to prepare the samples for pesticides determination by gas chromatography. Washing the tomatoes with water removed approximately 44% of chlorothalonil, 26% of difenoconazole, and 17% of azoxystrobin. Sodium bicarbonate (5%) and acetic acid (5%) solutions were more efficient, removing between 32 and 83% of the residues, while peeling removed from 68 to 88% of the pesticides. The washing solutions altered some fruit quality parameters, including acidity and chroma, and also caused weight loss. Acetic acid (0.15 and 5%) and hypochlorite (1%) solutions had the greatest effect on these parameters. 相似文献
19.
Hélde Araujo Domingos Alexandre Magno De Melo Faria José Alberto Fuinhas António Cardoso Marques 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(23):18770-18781
In the last two decades, there has been a rich debate about the environmental degradation that results from exposure to solid urban waste. Growing public concern with environmental issues has led to the implementation of various strategic plans for waste management in several developed countries, especially in the European Union. In this paper, the relationships were assessed between economic growth, renewable energy extraction and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the waste sector. The Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis was analysed for the member states of the European Union, in the presence of electricity generation, landfill and GHG emissions for the period 1995 to 2012. The results revealed that there is no inverted-U-shaped relationship between income and GHG emissions in European Union countries. The renewable fuel extracted from waste contributes to a reduction in GHG, and although the electricity produced also increases emissions somewhat, they would be far greater if the waste-based generation of renewable energy did not take place. The waste sector needs to strengthen its political, economic, institutional and social communication instruments to meet its aims for mitigating the levels of pollutants generated by European economies. To achieve the objectives of the Horizon 2020 programme, currently in force in the countries of the European Union, it will be necessary to increase the share of renewable energy in the energy mix. 相似文献
20.
Andressa Decesaro Thaís Strieder Machado Ângela Carolina Cappellaro Christian Oliveira Reinehr Antônio Thomé Luciane Maria Colla 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(26):20831-20843
Research on the influence of biosurfactants on the efficiency of in situ bioremediation of contaminated soil is continuously growing. Despite the constant progress in understanding the mechanisms involved in the effects of biosurfactants, there are still many factors that are not sufficiently elucidated. There is a lack of research on autochthonous or exogenous microbial metabolism when biostimulation or bioaugmentation is carried out to produce biosurfactants at contaminated sites. In addition, studies on the application of techniques that measure the biosurfactants produced in situ are needed. This is important because, although the positive influence of biosurfactants is often reported, there are also studies where no effect or negative effects have been observed. This review aimed to examine some studies on factors that can improve the production of biosurfactants in soils during in situ bioremediation. Moreover, this work reviews the methodologies that can be used for measuring the production of these biocomposts. We reviewed studies on the potential of biosurfactants to improve the bioremediation of hydrocarbons, as well as the limitations of methods for the production of these biomolecules by microorganisms in soil. 相似文献