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261.
Abstract INA‐Petrochemical Industry Omi?alj, Yugoslavia is currently producing low density polyethylene, vinyl chloride monomer and ethylene dichloride. Because of a potentially great hazard for environmental pollution, particularly by low molecular weight chlorinated hydrocarbons, the company has been putting significant effort into its anti‐pollution programme. Modern technology, polyfunctional organization and proper control of all waste materials has enabled, thus far, no evident or noticable impact on the environment. Wastewater treatment from the source to final discharged effluent and environmental control results are described. 相似文献
262.
Trace metals accumulation in soil irrigated with polluted water and assessment of human health risk from vegetable consumption in Bangladesh 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Md. Atikul Islam Davor Romić Md. Ali Akber Marija Romić 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2018,40(1):59-85
Trace metals accumulation in soil irrigated with polluted water and human health risk from vegetable consumption was assessed based on the data available in the literature on metals pollution of water, soil, sediment and vegetables from the cites of Bangladesh. The quantitative data on metal concentrations, their contamination levels and their pollution sources have not been systematically gathered and studied so far. The data on metal concentrations, sources, contamination levels, sample collection and analytical tools used were collected, compared and discussed. The USEPA-recommended method for health risk assessment was used to estimate human risk from vegetable consumption. Concentrations of metals in water were highly variable, and the mean concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu and As in water were found to be higher than the FAO irrigation water quality standard. In most cases, mean concentrations of metals in soil were higher than the Bangladesh background value. Based on geoaccumulation index (I geo) values, soils of Dhaka city are considered as highly contaminated. The I geo shows Cd, As, Cu, Ni, Pb and Cr contamination of agricultural soils and sediments of the cities all over the Bangladesh. Polluted water irrigation and agrochemicals are identified as dominant sources of metals in agricultural soils. Vegetable contamination by metals poses both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks to the public. Based on the results of the pollution and health risk assessments, Cd, As, Cr, Cu, Pb and Ni are identified as the priority control metals and the Dhaka city is recommended as the priority control city. This study provides quantitative evidence demonstrating the critical need for strengthened wastewater discharge regulations in order to protect residents from heavy metal discharges into the environment. 相似文献
263.
Slavica Rajšić Zoran Mijić Mirjana Tasić Mirjana Radenković Jasminka Joksić 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2008,6(2):95-100
An assessment of air quality of Belgrade, Serbia, was performed by determining the trace element content in airborne daily
PM10 and PM2.5 samples collected from a central urban area. The ambient concentrations of Zn were the highest in PM2.5 (1,998.0 ng m−3). Multivariate receptor modelling (principal component analysis and cluster analysis) has been applied to determine the contribution
of different sources of specific metallic components in airborne particles. The obtained results showed that vehicle traffic
and fossil fuel combustion in stationary objects were the main sources of trace metals in Belgrade urban aerosols. 相似文献
264.
Vlatka Filipović Marijić Biserka Raspor 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(12):7596-7606
The present field study, conducted during the spawning period (April/May) of European chub (Squalius cephalus L.) from the Sava River in Croatia, indicates that seasonal changes of fish physiological state might cause variability in gastrointestinal metal (Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn), total cytosolic protein and metallothionein (MT) levels. During the period of fish spawning and increased metabolic activity, a significant relationship with chub hepatosomatic index was evident for Fe and Mn in gastrointestinal tissue (r?=?0.35 and 0.26, respectively) and in cytosolic fraction (r?=?0.32 and 0.41, respectively) and for Zn and Fe in the gut content (r?=?0.36 and 0.31, respectively). Total cytosolic protein and MT concentrations followed the same spatial distribution as Fe and Mn in all gastrointestinal fractions and as Zn in the sub-cellular fractions, with higher levels at upstream locations. Due to the role of essential metals in metabolic processes and gonad development, increased feeding and spawning activity in April/May resulted in higher gastrointestinal essential metal (Fe, Mn and Zn) and MT concentrations, which probably follow an increase in Zn concentrations, known as the primary MT inducer. Therefore, biotic factors should be considered as important confounding factors in metal exposure assessment, while their influence on gastrointestinal metal and protein levels should be interpreted depending on the season studied. 相似文献
265.
Nesrete Krasnići Zrinka Dragun Marijana Erk Biserka Raspor 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(23):13512-13521
The distribution of essential elements Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Se, and Zn, and nonessential element Cd among cytosolic proteins of different molecular masses in the gills of European chub (Squalius cephalus) sampled in the moderately contaminated Sutla River in September of 2009, was studied after the protein separation by size exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography (SEC-HPLC), and the metal determination in the obtained fractions by high-resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR ICP-MS). The aims of the study were to characterize the distribution profiles of metals within different protein categories in gills in the conditions of low metal exposure in the river water, and to compare them with the previously published hepatic profiles. The distribution profiles of analyzed metals were mainly characterized with several peaks. However, some observations could be emphasized: both Cu and Cd were eluted near metallothionein elution time; elution time of one of Co peaks could be associated with Co-containing compound cobalamin; increasing cytosolic Fe concentrations resulted in possible Fe binding to storage protein ferritin; both Mn and Zn had poorly resolved peaks covering wide ranges of molecular masses and indicating their binding to various proteins; both Zn and Se increased in protein fractions of molecular masses <5 kDa following their concentration increase in the gill cytosol; expected clear metallothionein peak was not observed for Zn. Comparison of gill profiles with previously published hepatic profiles revealed similar and in case of some elements (e.g., Co, Fe, Mn, and Se) almost identical distributions in both organs regarding elution times. On the contrary, heights of obtained peaks were different, indicating possible metal binding to the same proteins in the gills and liver, but in different proportions. The results obtained in this study can be used as a basis for comparison in monitoring studies, for identification of changes that would occur after exposure of chub to increased metal concentrations. 相似文献
266.
Vladimir Vukašinović Dušan Gordić Milun Babić Dubravka Jelić Davor Končalović 《International Journal of Green Energy》2016,13(5):446-453
The most frequently used technology in cogeneration units up to 10 MWe are internal combustion engines and the majority of the models are up to 500 kWe. There are dozens of reciprocating internal combustion engine–based cogeneration unit manufacturers and more than hundred suppliers in the market. In the article, data from supplier technical specifications of 583 units (34 manufacturers) is collected and analyzed. The authors proposed mathematical relations that show dependence of efficiencies on electric power that can be used for initial feasibility studies. Authors also have showed that value of 0.75 for power-to-heat ratio (proposed by EU Directive 2004/8/EC) does not always correspond to current market situation. 相似文献
267.
268.
Katarina Jovanović-Radovanov 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2017,52(10):711-718
Field experiments were conducted during two years at Srem region to investigate the influence of meteorological conditions, time and rate of application on soil persistence of imazethapyr in sandy loam type of soil. Imazethapyr was applied PRE- and POST-EM and in both cases in three application rates: 80, 120 and 160 g a.i./ha. Soil samples were collected from the day of herbicide application in predetermined intervals up to one year after application and residual concentrations were determined with a white mustard root bioassay. Imazetapyr persistence was significantly influenced by meteorological conditions with average half-life being 6 days longer in season with lower precipitation level. Time of application induced slower imazethapyr dissipation resulting in higher average t1/2 (seven and nine days in first and second year of examination, respectively). Application rates had no consistent effect on imazethapyr persistence. Imazethapyr residue level one year after application caused no visible injuries on white mustard shoots, while root growth reduction ranged from 4.6 to 27.7%. Obtained residue levels were further compared with known data on crop sensitivity in order to assess possibility of crop injuries one year after imazethapyr application. 相似文献
269.
Biljana Škrbić Jelena Cvejanov Nataša Durišić-Mladenović 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(3):311-319
The contents of 16 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and six so-called indicator polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were determined in the surface zone (0–5 cm) of soil and sediment samples, taken from different locations in the city of Novi Sad, capitol of Vojvodina Province (North of the Serbia) covering residential and commercial area, recreational and arable zone. The total organochlorine pesticides concentration in soil varied from 2.63 to 31.78 ng g?1 dry weight, while the level in sediment was 10.35 ng g?1 dry weight. Maximum content of identified individual organochlorine pesticide in soil samples was 10.40 ng g?1 dry weight for p, p-DDE in the market garden and 6.31 ng g?1 dry weight for p, p'-DDT in sediment of the Danube River, although their application is restricted in Serbia. Some of investigated PCBs were identified only in the soil samples from a park-school backyard in the city downtown (0.32 ng g?1 dry weight) and market garden (0.22 ng g?1 dry weight), and also in sediment sample from left bank of the Danube River (0.41 ng g?1 dry weight). Data of the OCPs and PCBs present in this study were compared with the ones found for soils and river sediments throughout the world, and with limit values set by soil and sediment quality guidelines. Also, correlation between the levels of certain pesticides and soil characteristics (organic matter, pH and clay content) was investigated. 相似文献
270.
Vasić MV Mihailović A Kozmidis-Luburić U Nemes T Ninkov J Zeremski-Škorić T Antić B 《Chemosphere》2012,86(6):585-592
Snow samples were collected near crossroads in Novi Sad, Serbia, during December 2009 to assess metal concentrations (Ca, K, Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, Al, Pb and Na), fine particle distribution and pH value. The filtered samples of melted snow were analysed, with a focus on particles smaller than a few μm. The most common values of the frequency number distribution curve were either in the range of 0.05-0.07 μm or one order of magnitude higher (0.2-0.5 μm). At examined locations metal concentrations varied from 0.0004 mg L−1 for Pb to 18.9 mg L−1 for Na. Besides Na, which mostly originated from de-icing salt, Ca is found to be the most abundant element in snow indicating the dominant influence of natural factors on snow chemistry. No significant difference was found in concentration of the elements at locations near crossroads with either low or high traffic volume, except for Na and Zn.To investigate how metals were related a correlation analysis was done for the concentrations of metals and with respect to the particle size distribution parameters and pH values. The major influence on the fine particle volume (mass) was concluded to be due to the elements from anthropogenic sources. This conclusion was based on the significant positive correlation between Fe, Zn and Al and the fine particle volume based distribution parameters. 相似文献