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201.
The effect of nonuniform alternating fields on neutral or charged particles is named dielectrophoresis in contrast to the action of a uniform steady field on charged particles, named electrophoresis. Dielectrophoresis exhibits e.g. collection of the cells at the electrodes, pearl chain formation everywhere in the experimental chamber, cord formation with ramification, orientation of asymmetric cells, rotation and membrane fusion. In the presented experiments frequencies between 100 Hz and 5 MHz and voltages up to 70 V between electrodes of a few millimeter distance were applied to yeast cells. Dielectrophoresis may offer an interesting biophysical and microbiologic tool for collecting cells and discriminating between living and dead ones, for investigation of influence of drugs on the status of cells, for experiments on membrane or cell fusion and for the study of surface charges in different cells. Its biologic application has just begun. 相似文献
202.
Simona Kralj-Fišer Tatjana Čelik Tjaša Lokovšek Klavdija Šuen Rebeka Šiling Matjaž Kuntner 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2014,101(7):565-575
Urbanization poses serious extinction risks, yet some species thrive in urban environments. This may be due to a pronounced developmental plasticity in these taxa, since phenotypically, plastic organisms may better adjust to unpredictable urban food resources. We studied phenotypic plasticity in Nuctenea umbratica, a common European forest and urban vegetation spider. We subjected spiderlings to low (LF), medium (MF) and high (HF) food treatments and documented their growth and developmental trajectories into adulthood. Spiders from the three treatments had comparable numbers of instars and growth ratios, but differed in developmental periods. Longest developing LF spiders (♀?=?390, ♂?=?320 days) had the smallest adults, but MF (♀?=?300, ♂?=?240 days) and HF (♀?=?240, ♂?=?210 days) spiders reached comparable adult sizes through shorter development. While males and females had comparable instar numbers, females had longer development, higher growth ratios, adult sizes and mass; and while males adjusted their moulting to food availability, female moulting depended on specific mass, not food treatment. We discussed the patterns of Nuctenea sex-specific development and compared our results with published data on two other Holarctic urban colonizers (Larinioides sclopetarius, Zygiella x-notata) exhibiting high plasticity and fast generation turn-over. We conclude that despite relatively unconstrained developmental time in the laboratory enabling Nuctenea to achieve maximal mass and size—main female fitness proxies—their relatively fixed growth ratio and long generation turn-over may explain their lower success in urban environments. 相似文献
203.
The boy-to-girl ratio at birth (secondary sex ratio) is around 0.51 in most populations. The sex ratio varies between societies
and may be influenced by many factors, such as stress and immunosuppression, age, primiparity, the sex of the preceding siblings
and the socioeconomic status of the parents. As parasite infection affects many immunological and physiological parameters
of the host, we analyzed the effect of latent toxoplasmosis on sex ratios in humans. Clinical records of 1,803 infants born
from 1996 to 2004 contained information regarding the mother’s age, concentration of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies, previous deliveries and abortions and the sex of the newborn. The results of our retrospective cohort study suggest
that the presence of one of the most common parasites (with a worldwide prevalence from 20 to 80%), Toxoplasma gondii, can influence the secondary sex ratio in humans. Depending on the antibody concentration, the probability of the birth of
a boy can increase up to a value of 0.72, C.I.95 = (0.636, 0.805), which means that for every 260 boys born, 100 girls are born to women with the highest concentration of
anti-Toxoplasma antibodies. The toxoplasmosis associated with immunosuppression or immunomodulation might be responsible for the enhanced
survival of male embryos. In light of the high prevalence of latent toxoplasmosis in most countries, the impact of toxoplasmosis
on the human population might be considerable. 相似文献
204.
Miloloža Martina Cvetnić Matija Kučić Grgić Dajana Ocelić Bulatović Vesna Ukić Šime Rogošić Marko Dionysiou Dionysios Dion Kušić Hrvoje Bolanča Tomislav 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2022,20(2):1377-1402
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Research on plastic pollution has recently evidenced the ubiquitous presence of tiny plastic particles called microplastics. Microplastics alter organisms because... 相似文献
205.
Mocová Klára Anna Petrová Šárka Pohořelý Michael Martinec Marek Tourinho Paula S. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(25):37435-37444
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The use of biochar in soil remediation is a promising method to deal with metal contamination. In the present study, the influence of biochar... 相似文献
206.
Klementová Šárka Poncarová Martina Langhansová Helena Lieskovská Jaroslava Kahoun David Fojtíková Pavla 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(10):13941-13962
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Photochemical degradation of fluoroquinolones ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin and norfloxacin in aqueous solution under light conditions relevant to... 相似文献
207.
Hämäläinen Anni Immonen Elina Tarka Maja Schuett Wiebke 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2018,72(3):1-13
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology - The success of social insect colonies is dependent upon efficient and dynamic allocation of resources to alternate queen and worker castes. The developmental... 相似文献