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231.
Yaocheng Fan Tiancui Li Deshou Cun Haibing Tang Yanran Dai Feihua Wang Wei Liang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2021,15(4):79
232.
酞酸酯的暴露及健康风险研究日趋深入。在综述了酞酸酯的物化性质、接触机会两方面特性,以及体内代谢、健康危害两方面的最新研究进展基础上,比较了其国内外相关标准现状,总结了酞酸酯暴露评估现状及健康风险研究现状,提出并分析了存在的问题,并对其今后的研究进行了展望。 相似文献
233.
Persistence and degradation of the herbicides Atrazine, Cyanazine and Dicamba were measured in laboratory microcosms incubated under methanogenic condition using three soils of China. Results showed that Atrazine was more resistant to degradation than Cyanazine and Dicamba for the 300 days of incubation. Between 30% and 40% of the initially introduced chemicals were found to be not recoverable through solvent extraction of the incubated soils. Our results also indicated that the half-life of these herbicides in the three soils generally followed: Atrazine>Cyanazine>Dicamba. Biodegradation of Cyanazine and Dicamba was further substantiated by establishing enrichment cultures in which the degradation of the respective herbicides could be accelerated by the microorganisms. Our results suggest that biodegradation of xenobiotics can be established through enrichment culture transfer technique and non-extractability of chemicals should be taken into account in evaluation of chemicals' fate and risk. 相似文献
234.
TIAN Dalun ZHU Fan YAN Wende Fang Xi XIANG Wenhu DENG Xiangwen WANG Guangjun PENG Changhui 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2009,21(3):340-345
Phytoremediation can be used as a sustainable technology for mine spoil remediation to remove heavy metals. This study investigated
the concentration of 7 heavy metal contamination in soil and plant samples at an abandoned mine site. We found that, after vegetation
remediation at the abandoned mine site, the reduction rates for 7 heavy metals were in the range of 4.2%–86%, where reduction rates
over 50% were achieved for four heavy metals (Zn, Mn, Cd, Ni). Transfer coe cients of the panicled goldenrain tree (Koelreuteria
paniculata Laxm) and the common elaeocarpus (Elaeocarpus decipens) for Zn, Mn, Ni, and Co were more than 1. Enrichment
coe cients of both trees for Mn were higher than 1. Our results suggest that the panicled goldenrain tree and the common elaeocarpus
tree may act as accumulators in remediation. Moreover, the woody vegetation remediation in abandoned mining areas play an important
role in improving scenery besides removing heavy metal from contaminated soil. 相似文献
235.
The characteristics of Pb2+ adsorption on the surface of birnessites with di erent average oxidation states (AOS) of Mn, synthesized
under acidic and alkali conditions, were investigated. The results indicated that the amount of adsorbed Pb2+ increased with the increase
of Mn AOS in birnessites. The amount of Pb2+ adsorbed positively correlated with the amount of released Mn2+, H+, and K+ (r =
0.9962 > 0.6614, n = 14, = 0.01). The released Mn2+, H+, and K+ were derived mostly from the corresponding cations adsorbed on
the vacant sites. The maximum amount of adsorbed Pb2+ increased with the increasing vacant cation sites, leading to an increase of the
total amount of released Mn2+, H+, and K+, and the increased likelihood for two Pb2+ adsorbed in the region of one side of a vacant
site. 相似文献
236.
The biokinetics of Cu in Daphnia magna, including dissolved uptake, assimilation and e ux, has been determined using a gamma
67Cu radiotracer methodology. However, this gamma emitting radioisotope is not readily available due to its very short half-life. In the
present study, we employed a stable isotope tracer (65Cu) to determine the Cu biokinetics and compared our results to those determined
using 67Cu. The dissolved uptake rate constant of 65Cu was 3.36 L/(g day), which is higher than that of 67Cu (1.32 L/(g day)). With
increasing food concentrations from 2 104 to 1 105 cells/mL, the Cu assimilation e ciency (AE) decreased from 46% to 11%,
compared to a decrease from 27% to 16% when determined using 67Cu. The e ux of Cu from Daphnia magna was quantified following
both dissolved and dietary uptake. The e ux of waterborne Cu was comparable to that of dietborne Cu and the e ux rate constant
(0.32–0.52 day??1) was higher than that determined by 67Cu (0.19–0.20 day??1). By considering di erent water properties and handling
procedure between the two experiments, we believe that these di erences are reasonable. Overall, this study demonstrated that the
enriched stable isotope tracer technique is a powerful tool to investigate metal bioavailability and maybe a good alternative to radioactive
measurements. 相似文献
237.
Humification characterization of biochar and its potential as a composting amendment 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Biochar has received increasing attention due to its applications as a soil amendment. Here, the chemical properties of solid and water-extractable fractions of four biochar samples were investigated. The results showed that wood biochar and bamboo biochar samples were 60%–80% more hydrophobic than those of rice husk biochar and rice husk ash. In addition, the acidity was 3.88 mmol/g from the total functional groups and 1.03 mmol/g from the carboxyl groups/lactones/phenols found in the wood biochar sample, which were about 1.5 times greater than those of the bamboo biochar sample. These functional groups could be used to determine the sorptive capacity of biochar for ionic solutes and water content and to increase the degradation of compost organics. The wood biochar sample was found to have the most humification materials(fulvic acid-like material + humic acid-like material) in the water-extractable fraction, which was 3–10 times higher than that in the rice husk biochar and rice husk ash; humified materials were not detected in the bamboo biochar sample. Humification materials in biochar may be involved in increasing the proportion of humic acid-like materials in humic-like substances within the compost product. Wood biochar had better hydrophobic, sorptive, aromatic, and humification properties compared to other biochars, suggesting that it may be used in composting in order to exert its effect as both a bulking agent and a composting amendment during the solid waste composting process. 相似文献
238.
TiO2 nanomaterial is promising with its high potential and outstanding performance in photocatalytic environmental applications, such as CO2 conversion, water treatment, and air quality control. For many of these applications, the particle size, crystal structure and phase,porosity, and surface area influence the activity of TiO2 dramatically. TiO2 nanomaterials with special structures and morphologies, such as nanospheres, nanowires, nanotubes, nanorods,and nanoflowers are thus synthesized due to their desired characteristics. With an emphasis on the different morphologies of TiO2 and the influence factors in the synthesis, this review summarizes fourteen TiO2 preparation methods, such as the sol–gel method, solvothermal method, and reverse micelle method. The TiO2 formation mechanisms, the advantages and disadvantages of the preparation methods, and the photocatalytic environmental application examples are proposed as well. 相似文献
239.
In situ bioelectrokinetic remediation of phenol-contaminated soil by use of an electrode matrix and a rotational operation mode 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
In situ bioremediation is a safe and cost-effective technology for the cleanup of contaminated sites, but its remediation rate is usually very slow. This study attempted to accelerate the process of bioremediation by employing non-uniform electrokinetic transport processes to mix organic pollutants and degrading bacteria in soils under in situ conditions (namely, in situ bioelectrokinetic remediation) by use of an electrode matrix and a rotational operation mode. A bench-scale non-uniform electrokinetic system with periodic polarity-reversal was developed for this purpose, and tested by using a sandy loam spiked with phenol as a model organic pollutant. The results demonstrated that non-uniform electrokinetic processes could enhance the in situ biodegradation of phenol in the soil, the efficiency of which depended upon the operational mode of the electric field. Compared with the unidirectional operation and the bidirectional operation, the rotational operation could effectively stimulate the biodegradation of phenol in the soil if adopting appropriate time intervals of polarity-reversal and electrode matrixes. A reversal interval of 3.0 h and a square-shaped electrode matrix with four electrode couples appeared appropriate for the in situ biodegradation of phenol, at which a maximum phenol removal of 58% was achieved in 10d and the bioremediation rate was increased about five times as compared to that with no electric field applied. The results also showed that adopting a small polarity-reversal interval and an appropriate electrode array could produce a high and uniform removal of phenol from the soil. It is believed that in situ bioelectrokinetic remediation holds the potential for field application. 相似文献
240.
Modeling the crystallization of magnesium ammonium phosphate for phosphorus recovery 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
The crystallization of magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) is one of the main processes for recovering P and N from wastewater. Chemically defined solution systems were designed; the saturation indices (SIs) of the solution systems with respect to MAP were derived by using a geochemical aqueous model Program, PHREEQC 2.11; the effects of the solution conditions were evaluated using thermodynamic theories. The concentrations of P and Mg in the tested solutions were 10-600 mg l(-1) and 24-720 mg l(-1), respectively, the molar ratios of N/P and pH values of the solutions varied in the ranges of 1-40 and 6.0-12.0, respectively. The temperature of all the tests was set at 25 degrees C. The test results show that the SI value of MAP is the logarithmic functions of the concentrations of P, ammonium-N and Mg, and increases with the increase of the concentration of each element. The SI value of MAP is a polynomial function of pH value of the solution, and the optimum pH value for the crystallization of MAP is 9.0 but increases slightly with the increase of the N/P. Moreover, the SI value of MAP is a power law function of the ionic strength of solutions but decreases with its increase. The adjustment of the Mg concentration and the control of solution pH are two effective methods for the control of the crystallization of MAP. The results obtained from the research can be used to guide the design and control of MAP crystallization process for the removal and recovery of P. 相似文献