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121.
123.
为加强防尘措施的科学管理,保护职工的身心健康,提高劳动生产力,常对作业场所空气中的粉尘浓度进行常规监测,并据以评价其危害程度。为提高监测工作质量,增强监测数据的可靠性、准确性和科学性,必须加强监测工作中的质量控制。为此,笔者就现有设备条件,摸索了作业场所空气中粉尘监测工作的质控问题,现就实验观察结果报告如下。 材料和方法 器材:采样用鞍劳D4型粉尘监测器,气体流量一般控制在30升/分,抽气 相似文献
124.
1979年10月3日,美国国家环境保护机构正式提出,将电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法技术(ICP—AES)用于污染分析的标准规程。使这项六十年代发展起来的新技术,正式用于环境监测。进一步提高了无机污染物的监测速度、精度和检测能力,提高了监测自动化的程度。 一、ICP—AES技术的意义和特征 相似文献
125.
环境水样中汞的测定常用汉硫腙比色法和冷原子吸收法.前者操作繁锁,灵敏度低;后者易受操作条件的影响,重现性较差.本文研究了用XDY-1型双道原子荧光分析仪,氢化物发生-原子荧光法测定环境水样中的汞.经原子荧光技术与氢化物发生法联用和采用了高温原子化,减少了元素间的干扰和背景干扰,从而降低了空白值,提高了分析灵敏度.实验表明,本法具有操作简便,快速灵敏,测定范围广和干扰少等优点。直接测定法最低检出下限为0.01μg/L。 相似文献
126.
采用翻转振荡方式以水为浸提剂浸提铜渣、尾矿渣、铬渣、铅渣、粉煤灰和电镀污泥试样,过滤后的浸提液经DDTC/CCl4体系萃取富集后,用ICP-AES法同时测定了Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Ni、Fe、Mn、Co和V等多种金属元素,方法具有较好的精密度和准确度,宜于推广应用。 相似文献
127.
计算机是噪声自动监测分析系统的重要组成部分,承担噪声信号的处理和监测结果的打印输出,在正常工作状态下,计算机按设置的程序运行,对采集的噪声信号做数学运算,并将运行结果以打印的形式输出,从而完成一次噪声监测过程,在实际工作中,由于计算机内蓄电池电压不足,声级计输入信号超限、打印机故障等多种原因使计算机程序不能正常运行而导致噪声监测工作的中断,不但影响监测结果的输出,也给重新启动监测系统带来困难,为了保证计算机在非正常工作条件下仍能正常运行,我们对计算机程序作了必要的修改。 相似文献
128.
日本的水质污染问题在第二次世界大战后逐渐严重 ,其中给居民带来危害的大公害事件 ,有足尾铜山的排水流入河水中 ,给水稻的生长造成危害 ,并导致水俣病等。因此 ,日本政府在 1 967年制定了公害对策基本法 ,1 970年制定了水质污染防治法 ,1 984年制定了湖泊水质特别措施法。 1 相似文献
129.
The environmental fate and movement of herbicides widely used for weed control in corn are assessed for a deep loess soil in southwestern Iowa. Beginning in the early 1980s, the herbicide-based weed control program emphasized the application of atrazine (ATR) or cyanazine (CYN) and metolachlor (MET) for both broadleaf and grass control. Between 1992 and 1995, concentrations of ATR, desethylatrazine (DEA), desisopropylatrazine (DIA), CYN and MET were measured in rainwater, both shallow and deep vadose zone water, and well water. Results show that the frequency of herbicide detections and the range and distribution of occurrences are dependent upon both landscape position and temporal inputs of recharge water from rainfall. Generally, DIA was observed more frequently and in higher mean concentration in well water than DEA, while DEA was observed more frequently than DIA in vadose zone groundwater. A chromatographic analogy is suggested to explain the occurrence patterns observed for both parent herbicide and degradation products within the unsaturated zone water. Analysis of rainwater samples collected during this time also revealed low concentrations of ATR, CYN and MET, with the timing of the detections indicative of non-local transport. Results show that the deep loess soil conducts both water and agricultural chemicals relatively rapidly and as such represents a production system which is vulnerable to contamination of shallow groundwater by herbicide-derived chemicals. Results also illustrate the importance of including major herbicide degradation products in water resource impact assessment studies. 相似文献
130.
Stin OC Carnahan A Singh R Powell J Furuno JP Dorsey A Silbergeld E Williams HN Morris JG 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2003,81(1-3):327-336
Molecular methods, including DNA probes, were used to identify and enumerate pathogenic Vibrio species in the Chesapeake Bay; our data indicated that Vibrio vulnificus exhibits seasonal fluctuations in number. Our work included a characterization of total microbial communities from the Bay; development of microarrays that identify and quantify the diversity of those communities; and observation of temporal changes in those communities. To identify members of the microbial community, we amplified the 16S rDNA gene from community DNA isolated from a biofilm sample collected from the Chesapeake Bay in February, 2000. The resultant 75 sequences were 95% or more similar to 7 species including two recently described Shewanella species, baltica and frigidimarina, that have not been previously isolated from the Chesapeake. When the genera of bacteria from biofilm after culturing are compared to those detected by subcloning amplified 16S fragments from community DNA, the cultured sample exhibited a strong bias. In oysters collected in February, the most common bacteria were previously unknown. Based on our 16S findings, we are developing microarrays to detect these and other microbial species in these estuarine communities. The microarrays will detect each species using four distinct loci, with the multiple loci serving as an internal control. The accuracy of the microarray will be measured using sentinel species such as Aeromonas species, Escherichia coli, and Vibrio vulnificus. Using microarrays, it should be possible to determine the annual fluctuations of bacterial species (culturable and non-culturable, pathogenic and non-pathogenic). The data may be applied to understanding patterns of environmental change; assessing the health of the Bay; and evaluating the risk of human illness associated with exposure to and ingestion of water and shellfish. 相似文献