浅谈城市垃圾的危害和处理方法

阐述城市垃圾处理的如焚烧、堆肥和填埋处置3种主要方法。     

炼厂脱盐脱钙废水处理工艺

原油中的钙盐主要存在于石油胶质和沥青质中。在原油加工过程中,有机钙盐因分解形成钙沉淀物而影响正常生产。对于原油中钙的脱除,目前应用最广泛的是螯合沉淀脱钙技术。炼厂脱盐脱钙废水中的钙、磷、石油胶质会对污水处理场造成不良影响,因而必须对脱盐脱钙废水进行预处理。预处理工艺包括物理和物理化学手段、生物处理工艺、化学氧化处理技术。技术可行性分析表明,可采用AOP高级氧化技术与生物处理相结合的工艺对脱盐脱钙废水进行预处理。     

抗生素在土壤中的归趋及不可提取态残留

抗生素是近年来备受关注的一种新兴环境污染物,进入环境后会被降解或残留在环境介质和环境生物体内.在土壤中形成不可提取态残留(NERs)是抗生素重要的环境归趋,然而有关土壤中抗生素NERs形成机理和环境风险的研究尚处于起步阶段.NERs的形成能在一定程度上降低抗生素的环境危害,但当土壤环境条件改变时NERs仍有重新释放的潜...     

疫情对环保产业的影响分析

2020年年初暴发的新型冠状病毒肺炎对环保行业造成了一定影响,但也加快了环保企业科技创新意识的提升和精细化运营管理的增强以及商业模式的转型.文章分别从水环境治理、大气污染防治、固体废物处理三领域入手,针对疫情对各领域的影响进行分析,并试图找到新形势下行业发展的新机遇.     

月球的铌金红石

在阿波罗12的12070,35号样品的显微角砾岩碎屑内发现了一粒与钛铁矿连生的并含有Nb_2O_5 6.4％,Cr_2O_3 3.2％及Ta_2O_5,V_2O_3,Ce_2O_3和La_2O_3各少于1％的金红石。其所含的成分在月球和地球的金红石中是独特的,因此它是月球岩石相月壤中迄今查明的第一个富铌矿物。 这个包在钛铁矿内部的透明非均质的黄褐色-黄色颗粒在显微角砾岩薄片中,被鉴定为铌金红石。它以单个晶体出现,直径约为60μ。其光性为一轴晶(+),多色性N_o=黄褐色-黄色,N_e=橄榄绿,两个折光率均高于2.10。 X射线衍射线谱表明为正方金红石晶格。单位晶     

COD_(Cr)分析废液中银的回收再利用研究

COD_(Cr)分析中使用的硫酸银属于重金属溶液,若直接排入下水道,对环境影响较大,而且也是对贵重金属的浪费。文章对COD_(Cr)分析废液中银的回收进行了实验研究,将废金属银回收,配制成硫酸银溶液回用于实验中,与购买的硫酸银溶液相比,误差在可接受范围内。     

Spatiotemporal patterns and other impacting factors on wheat production of Tibet,China北大核心CSCD

Wheat is the second-largest food crop in Tibet, China. Along with economic development, the pattern of wheat production in Tibet has changed dramatically, potentially affecting the balance of grain supply and demand, as well as food security. A clear understanding of the spatiotemporal patterns and other factors affecting wheat production can provide a necessary basis for the scientific management and efficient production of wheat. Based on the wheat yield from 1990 to 2020 in 74 county-level units of Tibet, this study analyzed the spatial and temporal change patterns of Tibetan wheat production and its impacting factors using the Gini coefficient, center of gravity move method, advantage index, exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA), and geographically weighted regression model (GWR). Results showed that: (1) the total wheat production in Tibet rose from 1990 to 1999, fluctuated, and then decreased from 1999 to 2020. The production areas are mainly concentrated in the southern Tibetan Valley and counties in the Three Rivers region of eastern Tibet. (2) The spatial distribution and agglomeration pattern of wheat in Tibet is relatively stable, and the production center shows a slight fluctuation trend from west to east during the 1990-2020 time period. (3) Based on the comprehensive advantage index (CAI), Tibet’s wheat production in advantaged areas, slightly advantaged areas, slightly disadvantaged areas, and disadvantaged areas accounted for 13.5%, 8.1%, 9.5%, and 40.5% of the total production, respectively; indicating that the regional distribution of CAI exhibits spatial agglomeration rather than sporadic distribution. The patterns are HH (high-high), LH (low-high), and random; 29 hot spots are mainly distributed in Lhasa, Shannan, and Nyingchi, while the cold spots are mainly distributed in Xigazê and Ngari; and (4) the impacting factors on Tibet’s wheat production mainly include effective irrigation areas and agricultural mechanization level as positive factors, and regional gross agricultural product as the main negative factor. In addition, rainfall, other grain output, livestock inventory at the end of the year, and the number of non-primary industries also have an impact on wheat production. Wheat planting area in Tibet has been declining in recent years, thus exhibiting a significant pattern of spatial agglomeration. The three dominant factors affecting the emerging spatiotemporal pattern of wheat production in Tibet are the irrigation condition, mechanization, and local economic development levels. Based on the above conclusions, the study suggests building a high-yield wheat area consistent with local conditions by strictly protecting arable land, improving irrigation conditions, and increasing machinery investment. Depending on the counties of high-yield areas, Tibetan farmers and herders should cultivate the bases of wheat production and build a wheat base for local wheat consumption. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

狐王的恐怖报复

我的朋友、忘年交陈向东经常给我讲述他的经历,有一次他的讲述简直把我震住了,立刻记录下来。当年他们在大草原上过度放牧,与土生土长的草狐群发生严重冲突,到了势不两立的地步。最终,他们发动了一场规模空前、无与伦比的火攻战,把全部草狐群赶出老巢,肆无忌惮地屠杀,几乎全部消灭!陈向东盯住“狐王”,猛打猛杀,却遭到了它离奇致命的攻击,那一幕幕无法想象,难以置信,令他不堪回首……     

梓叶槭的种群结构和群落特征

梓叶槭(Acer catalpifolium Rehd.)是分布狭窄的极小种群野生植物.为充分了解梓叶槭分布地种群现状和未来发展趋势以促进种群保护,对其5个分布点——财神庙(CSM)、般若寺(BRS)、张山村(ZSC)、伏虎寺(FHS)、报国寺(BGS)——进行群落调查,研究其种群结构及其生存群落的物种构成和群落特征.结果表明,梓叶槭主要分布于常绿阔叶-落叶阔叶混交林中,不同样地的梓叶槭群落层次,即乔木层、灌木层以及草本层分别有伴生植物52种、74种和52种.从梓叶槭的多度分配比例来看,BRS样地最大,为26.04%,随后依次是FHS、ZSC、BGS和CSM.梓叶槭生存群落内,FHS、BRS、BGS和CSM样地的物种多样性指数均较高,但ZSC相对较低;在种群年龄结构的调查中发现,梓叶槭幼苗及幼树等级分布出现残缺,种群自然更新困难.综上所述,梓叶槭生存群落内,不同生长层优势种占有较大的环境资源,是影响梓叶槭种子萌发、幼苗幼树生长和种群发展的主要障碍;本研究结果可为梓叶槭种群回归与复壮提供一定理论依据.     

菲反硝化降解菌群的富集及其群落结构解析

从潜在多环芳烃(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons,PAHs)污染的油田区域采集土壤样品,以菲为唯一碳源且添加硝酸根的培养基来富集土壤中的菲反硝化降解菌群.随后,通过定量PCR(Polymerase Chain Reaction)测定了获取的富集菌群中反硝化相关功能基因(硝酸还原酶基因nar G、亚硝酸还原酶基因nir S)的丰度,并通过Illumina Mi Seq测序对其中的细菌群落结构进行解析.结果表明,获取到的3个菌群(PDN-1、PDN-2和PDN-3)12 d内对菲的降解率分别为45.18%、34.04%和25.92%.各富集培养菌群中nar G的丰度均高于nir S,且菲降解率最高的PDN-1中的反硝化相关基因丰度较低.Illumina Mi Seq测序结果表明,菲降解率最高的富集菌群PDN-1同时也具有较高的细菌多样性指数,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)是各富集菌群中的优势菌门,且Proteobacteria在3个富集菌群PDN-1(97.78%)、PDN-2(96.57%)、PDN-3(93.90%)中的比例均最高.变形菌门的Pseudomonas(γ-Proteobacteria)和Methylophilus(β-Proteobacteria)则是各富集菌群中最大的优势菌属,前者为公认的PAHs降解菌,而后者则为能够利用还原型"一碳化合物"的特殊菌属.细菌多样性与菲的降解率呈正相关,表明菲的反硝化降解可能是多种细菌参与的共同结果.上述结果可为揭示典型PAHs反硝化降解的微生物机制提供理论依据,同时为深入研究反硝化与菲代谢的偶联机理打下基础.