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31.
Isozyme changes in the xanthid crab Rhithropanopeus harrisii (Gould) are described for 6 enzyme systems through all four zoeal stages, megalopa stage, and juveniles. There is considerable variation in the number of isozymes and their expression during the ontogeny of R. harrisii.Contribution No. 806 of the Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, Center for Environmental and Estuarine Studies, University of Maryland, USA. 相似文献
32.
Over the past few years, a great deal of interest has been focused on the use of remote sensing for resource management. This paper examines one of the most useful systems — Landsat. Included in this paper is a discussion of this remote-sensing technology, its application and its future as a tool for resources planning and management. 相似文献
33.
Joshua Eli Cinner Morgan Stuart Pratchett Nicholas Anthony James Graham Vanessa Messmer Mariana Menezes Prata Bezerra Fuentes Tracy Ainsworth Natalie Ban Line Kolind Bay Jessica Blythe Delphine Dissard Simon Dunn Louisa Evans Michael Fabinyi Pedro Fidelman Joana Figueiredo Ashley John Frisch Christopher John Fulton Christina Chemtai Hicks Vimoksalehi Lukoschek Jennie Mallela Aurelie Moya Lucie Penin Jodie Lynn Rummer Stefan Walker David Hall Williamson 《Regional Environmental Change》2016,16(4):1133-1146
Corals and coral-associated species are highly vulnerable to the emerging effects of global climate change. The widespread degradation of coral reefs, which will be accelerated by climate change, jeopardizes the goods and services that tropical nations derive from reef ecosystems. However, climate change impacts to reef social–ecological systems can also be bi-directional. For example, some climate impacts, such as storms and sea level rise, can directly impact societies, with repercussions for how they interact with the environment. This study identifies the multiple impact pathways within coral reef social–ecological systems arising from four key climatic drivers: increased sea surface temperature, severe tropical storms, sea level rise and ocean acidification. We develop a novel framework for investigating climate change impacts in social–ecological systems, which helps to highlight the diverse impacts that must be considered in order to develop a more complete understanding of the impacts of climate change, as well as developing appropriate management actions to mitigate climate change impacts on coral reef and people. 相似文献
34.
35.
Neely Law Lawrence Band Morgan Grove 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2004,47(5):737-755
A residential lawn care survey was conducted as part of the Baltimore Ecosystem Study, a Long-term Ecological Research project funded by the National Science Foundation and collaborating agencies, to estimate the nitrogen input to urban watersheds from lawn care practices. The variability in the fertilizer N application rates and the factors affecting the application rates were examined. Results indicated that the annual input of nitrogen from fertilizer is a major component of the urban watershed nitrogen budget and it is both spatially and temporally variable. There is a wide range in the application rate of fertilizer N to residential lawns applied by homeowners and by professional lawn care companies. Survey data estimated a mean fertilizer application rate of 97.6 kg N/ha/yr with a standard deviation of 88.3 kg N/ha/yr. Analyses suggested that the fertilizer application rate is affected by social economic factors and soil characteristics to include the market value of the house, age of development, soil bulk density and soil nitrogen content. 相似文献
36.
Sverdrup H Warfvinge P Rabenhorst M Janicki A Morgan R Bowman M 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》1992,77(2-3):195-203
The critical loads to streams, steady-state stream chemistry and catchment chemical weathering rate in 73 catchments has been determined in the state of Maryland, USA. It was calculated with the PROFILE model from chemical limits for biological indicators, soil mineralogy, soil texture, annual average temperature, average soil moisture, net long-term uptake of base cations and nitrogen to the vegetation, annual precipitation and runoff and deposition of sulphur and nitrogen precursors of acid deposition. The results show a full range of critical loads from very low values in the sensitive catchments of western Maryland and the Coastal Plain on the Chesapeake Bay, to insensitive catchments in the Fredrick Valley and Ridge and the Piedmont plain. The critical loads will be used as an input to an integrated regional assessment of the quantitative sensitivity of streams to acid rain, and the assessment of regional stream alkalinity response to different abatement strategies. The mapping of steady-state stream chemistry indicates that streams in Maryland are still acidfying under the present deposition load. Land-use seems to play an important role in maintaining neutral pH in many of the streams of Maryland. 相似文献
37.
An evaluation of the urban stormwater pollutant removal efficiency of catch basin inserts. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Robert A Morgan Findlay G Edwards Kristofor R Brye Stephen J Burian 《Water environment research》2005,77(5):500-510
In a storm sewer system, the catch basin is the interface between surface runoff and the sewer. Responding to the need to improve the quality of stormwater from urban areas and transportation facilities, and spurred by Phase I and II Stormwater Rules from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, several companies market catch basin inserts as best management practices for urban water quality management. However, little data have been collected under controlled tests that indicate the pollutant removal efficiency of these inserts when the inflow is near what can be expected to occur in the field. A stormwater simulator was constructed to test inserts under controlled and replicable conditions. The inserts were tested for removal efficiency of total suspended solids (TSS) and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) at an inflow rate of 757 to 814 L/min, with influent pollutant concentrations of 225 mg/L TSS and 30 mg/L TPH. These conditions are similar to stormwater runoff from small commercial sites in the southeastern United States. Results from the tests indicate that at the test flowrate and pollutant concentration, average TSS removal efficiencies ranged from 11 to 42% and, for TPH, the removal efficiency ranged from 10 to 19%. 相似文献
38.
Slugs (Deroceras reticulatum) (Muller)) were collected from a disused Pb/Zn mine site for a period encompassing 3 years. The analysis of whole body replicates, collected monthly for a period of one year, demonstrated a large variability in metal concentrations for each of the five metals (Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn and Ca) analysed. Nevertheless, a number of significant monthly differences in metal levels were found, the most regular being for Ca, and the least regular for Cu. Significant differences in metal body burdens were also found between slugs collected during the same month, but in consecutive years. The presence of such large and irregular variability greatly restricts the potential value of terrestrial slugs as biomonitors of heavy metal contamination. 相似文献
39.
Eisinger DS Dougherty K Chang DP Kear T Morgan PF 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2002,52(9):1012-1025
Control of CO is one of the great air-quality management success stories of the past 20 years. This paper evaluates whether past progress will continue into the future and whether changes in microscale CO concentrations are comparable to reductions observed at the regional scale. Neighborhood and microscale CO concentrations were evaluated at six northern and southern California monitoring sites. The study also included a review of CO emission, concentration, and exposure trends and on-road motor vehicle-based CO emission control programs for California and the United States. Consistent with California and national trends, CO concentrations declined at each of the six study locations from 1988 through 1998. Microscale concentrations declined at the same rate as did neighborhood-scale concentrations. Rollback analyses demonstrated that microscale concentrations will continue to decline through at least 2010-2020. Within a few years, microscale violations of the CO National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) will be unlikely in California except under extraordinary circumstances. 相似文献
40.
Bert?H?lldoblerEmail author E.?David Morgan Neil?J.?Oldham Jürgen?Liebig Yue? Liu 《Chemoecology》2004,14(2):101-106
Summary. Dufour gland secretions of the harvester ants
Pogonomyrmex barbatus, P. rugosus
and P. maricopa were
investigated. The glandular blends exhibit species specific
patterns, but more importantly, based on indiviual profiles of
Dufour gland contents of colony members it is possible to
separate the colonies from each other in each species. It is
possible that these collective colony specific cues serve as
longer lasting trunk route markers. Behavioral tests demonstrate
that workers of P. rugosus
prefer homing routes marked by members of their own colony to routes marked
by a foreign conspecific colony. 相似文献