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121.
Aaron T. Wolf 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1995,31(6):1009-1022
ABSTRACT: This paper examines the relationship between best-management practices, institutional needs, and improved water quality within the watersheds of Wisconsin's program for controlling rural nonpoint source pollution. The first section describes the federal requirements for state nonpoint source programs and the legislative and management methods the state of Wisconsin uses to put those requirements into practice. The emphasis of the paper, described in the second section, is the institutional difficulty in evaluating the success of a large, integrated water quality program. Measurements which are investigated include (1) watershed water quality before and after implementation of BMPs; (2) program participation as measured by eligible vs. participating landowners, BMPs considered necessary vs. BMPs implemented, or dollars allocated to the NPS program vs. dollars expended; and (3) institutional goal coordination and management effectiveness. It is found that, despite the size and sophistication of Wisconsin's NPS program, there is little if any improvement in ambient water quality in these watersheds, probably because of a general lack of adequate participation in this voluntary program. 相似文献
122.
Cassandra M. Brooks Larry B. Crowder Henrik Österblom Aaron L. Strong 《Conservation Letters》2020,13(1):e12676
In October 2016, the international community made history by adopting the world's largest marine protected area in the Ross Sea, Antarctica—by consensus. Achieving this feat required trade-offs and compromise among the 24-Member States (plus the European Union) comprising the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources. The process took 5 years of intense international negotiations and more than 10 years of scientific planning. Based on interviews with national delegations and other stakeholders, 5 years of participatory observation of Commission meetings (2012–2016), and analysis of hundreds of documents, we present unique insights that explain the conditions that stalled or facilitated the adoption of the Ross Sea MPA. These included economic interests, geopolitics, an erosion of trust, high-level diplomacy, and the compromises that were ultimately necessary. We reflect on lessons learned as the world considers how to achieve future large-scale conservation successes in the global commons. 相似文献
123.
Ashleigh Cousins Aaron Cottrell Anthony Lawson Sanger Huang Paul H.M. Feron 《Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology》2012,2(5):329-345
The CSIRO is involved in three CO2 capture pilot plants operating at different coal‐fired power stations throughout Australia. The most recently completed of these is the Tarong CO2 capture pilot plant located at Tarong power station, Nanango, Queensland. The first phase of the experimental program with this pilot plant included operation with monoethanolamine (MEA). This involved parametric studies, process modifications, and finally implementation of 24 h operation. Operation of the pilot plant has shown MEA to be effective in capturing CO2 from the flue gas from Tarong Power Station. CO2 capture efficiencies of up to 94%, and regeneration energies as low as 3.6 MJ/kgCO2 have been achieved. The design of the pilot plant was completed using a commercially available process modeling software tool. Results obtained from the pilot plant were then compared to the model predictions including temperature, solvent CO2 loading, and CO2 gas concentration profiles through the absorber column. A good match has been obtained between the modeling and pilot plant data, verifying the software can be used to predict the performance of the pilot plant when operating on MEA. During this project, the rich‐split process modification was also evaluated. The results suggest that the rich‐split modification can achieve some reduction in reboiler duty and a considerable reduction in the condenser duty. The amount of reduction is dependent on plant design, particularly the efficiency of the lean/rich heat exchanger. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 相似文献
124.
Fuad Fares Sivan Axelord Ran Miriam David Nathanel Zelnik Yehudah Hecht Hasan Khairaldeen Aaron Lerner 《黑龙江环境通报》2004,24(5):358-362
Ataxia telangiectasia (AT) is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by progressive cerebellar ataxia, immunodeficiency, susceptibility to lymphoreticular malignancies and cancer predisposition, hypersensitivity to ionic radiation and chromosomal instability. In this study, we report a founder effect of AT with two different mutations: 1339 C > T and 6672 del GG together with 6677 del TACG, found in four Israeli Druze clans originating from three different Druze centers in the Middle East (Lebanon, Syria and Jordan). The 1339 C > T mutation, which results in a stop codon at position 447 of the ATM protein, was observed in two unrelated clans originating from Lebanon and Jordan. The 6672 del GG/6677 del TACG mutation was observed in two unrelated clans originating from Syria and Lebanon. In the present study, simple and fast detection assays were developed for both mutations. The ability to identify AT carriers routinely provides a unique opportunity for prenatal diagnosis, genetic counseling as well as marriage guidance in the Druze community. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
125.
2015年中国国家林业局公布数据显示中国大熊猫数量已经增加1864只,根据这一结果世界自然保护联盟将大熊猫由濒危物种降至易危物种。作者们指出这一结果未免过于乐观。（1）大熊猫的食物主要为竹子,CO2浓度升高将影响竹子的生长发育,缩短竹子的生命周期,导致竹子提前开花,提前死亡;温度升高延长了竹粘虫等灾虫的生活周期,增加粘虫等害虫数量,影响竹子的产量和品质,从而威胁熊猫生存。（2）470 km长的龙门山地震带穿越四川亚种熊猫部分栖息地。遥感数据显示2008年汶川地震导致卧龙保护区进一步破碎化。（3）随着私家车的普及高速公路快速发展,生态旅游活动加剧,而人类活动影响动物荷尔蒙分泌、新陈代谢及生殖,增加疾病传播风险。（4）大熊猫栖息地环境污染日趋严重,直接威胁着大熊猫生存和健康。因此,大熊猫保护是一项长期的、艰巨的任务,世界自然保护联盟降级大熊猫保护等级为之过早,大熊猫依然是一个濒危物种,全球应该继续关注中国大熊猫保护。 相似文献
126.
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128.
Aaron B. Caughey Thomas J. Musci Jenny Belluomini Denise Main Carl Otto James Goldberg 《黑龙江环境通报》2007,27(2):119-123
129.
Aaron G. Cahill Roger Beckie Bethany Ladd Elyse Sandl Maximillian Goetz Jessie Chao Julia Soares Cara Manning Chitra Chopra Niko Finke Iain Hawthorne Andrew Black K. Ulrich Mayer Sean Crowe Tim Cary Rachel Lauer Bernhard Mayer Andrew Allen Dirk Kirste Laurie Welch 《Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology》2019,9(2):134-151
Petroleum resource development is creating a global legacy of active and inactive onshore energy wells. Unfortunately, a portion of these wells will exhibit gas migration (GM), releasing fugitive gas (FG) into adjacent geologic formations and overlying soils. Once mobilized, FG may traverse the critical zone, impact groundwater, and emit to the atmosphere, contributing to greenhouse‐gas emissions. Understanding of GM and FG has increased in recent years but significant gaps persist in knowledge of (1) the incidence and causes of GM, (2) subsurface baseline conditions in regions of development required to delineate GM and FG, and (3) the migration, impacts, and fate of FG. Here we provide an overview of these knowledge gaps as well as the occurrence of GM and FG as currently understood in British Columbia (BC), Canada, a petroleum‐producing region hosting significant reserves. To address the identified knowledge gaps within BC, the Energy and Environment Research Initiative (EERI) at the University of British Columbia is implementing several field‐focused research projects including: (1) statistical analyses of regulatory data to elucidate the incidence and causes of GM, (2) characterization of regional hydrogeology and shallow subsurface conditions in the Peace Region of the Montney resource play, and (3) investigation of the migration, impacts, and fate of FG in the shallow subsurface through controlled natural‐gas release. Together, the EERI investigations will advance understanding of GM and FG, provide scientific data that can inform regulations, and aid development of effective monitoring and detection methodologies for BC and beyond. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
130.