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371.
Ebrahim Mahmoudi Sepehr Azizkhani Abdul Wahab Mohamma Law Yong Ng Abdelbaki Benamor Wei Lun Ang Muneer Ba-Abbad 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(12):151-160
Graphene oxide is a very high capacity adsorbent due to its functional groups and π?π interactions with other compounds. Adsorption capacity of graphene oxide, however, can be further enhanced by having synergistic effects through the use of mixed-matrix composite. In this study, silica-decorated graphene oxide (SGO) was used as a high-efficiency adsorbent to remove Congo red (CR) and Cadmium (II) from aqueous solutions. The effects of solution initial concentration (20 to 120 mg/l), solution pH (pH 2 to 7), adsorption duration (0 to 140 min) and temperature (298 to 323 K) were measured in order to optimize the adsorption conditions using the SGO adsorbent. Morphological analysis indicated that the silica nanoparticles could be dispersed uniformly on the graphene oxide surfaces. The maximum capacities of adsorbent for effective removal of Cd (II) and CR were 43.45 and 333.33 mg/g based on Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms, respectively. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms displayed the highest values of Qmax for CR and Cd (II) adsorption in this study, which indicated monolayer adsorption of CR and multilayer adsorption of Cd (II) onto the SGO, respectively. Thermodynamic study showed that the enthalpy (ΔH) and Gibbs free energy(ΔG) values of the adsorption process for both pollutants were negative, suggesting that the process was spontaneous and exothermic in nature. This study showed active sites of SGO (π-π, hydroxyl, carboxyl, ketone, silane-based functional groups) contributed to an enormous enhancement in simultaneous removal of CR and Cd (II) from an aqueous solution, Therefore, SGO can be considered as a promising adsorbent for future water pollution control and removal of hazardous materials from aqueous solutions. 相似文献
372.
Khalid Abdul Rahim 《The Environmentalist》1996,16(1):49-53
Regulatory instruments in environmental policy have strongraison d'etre. They still dominate the instruments selected by policy makers. Even with the growing interest in the use of economic instruments, in theory, empirical studies and policy, industries tend to prefer command-and-control as a practical instrument in pollution control. Polluters often assume they have more influence on regulation than on setting effluent charge levels. The industry can be better off under the regulatory standard than an imposed effluent charge when the total cost of abatement to the industry is considered. The higher costs to the industry make effluent charges less attractive. In practice, generally a mixed environmental policy is used in which regulations dominate. This choice has been based on effectiveness, economic efficiency and political acceptability. By simulating the abatement cost function, it was found that marketable permits offer an attractive system of pollution control when the scope of variation in abatement levels is evident. Unfortunately, at higher levels of abatement, the benefits of this system are small and insufficient to justify any regulatory reform. Thus, with a pragmatic approach coupled with a rent-seeking behaviour of the polluters, a shift to the use of economic instruments is neither likely nor desirable even when administrative and transactions costs are not considered.Dr Khalid Abdul Rahim is currently a lecturer in the Faculty of Economics and Management at the Universiti Pertanian Malaysia. He is also a visiting Fellow at the Institute of Strategic and International Studies (ISIS) Malaysia, in Kuala Lumpur, and the Thematic Network Coordinator in the UNEP Network for Environmental Training at tertiary Level in Asia and the Pacific (NET-TLAP). 相似文献
373.
Sustainability appraisal of shifting cultivation in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
An integrated socioeconomic and erosion study on the sustainability of traditional shifting cultivation (Jhum) carried out in 1998 and 1999 in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) of Bangladesh showed the system to be nonsustainable under the current conditions with fallow periods of only 3-5 years and lack of land rights. An estimated input (mainly labor) of USD 380 ha(-1) yr(-1) results in only a total output of USD 360 ha(-1) yr(-1) and Jhum cultivated areas suffer severe loss of soil and valuable plant nutrients along with runoff during the rainy season. To compensate these losses by commercial fertilizers will cost nearly USD 2 million yr(-1) for CHT. To ensure long-term productivity of the soils, Jhum should therefore be adjusted to a tolerable level and farmers should be given rights and title to the land to motivate them to switch to improved, settled farming systems. 相似文献
374.
Dr. J. A. M. A. Tan J. S. H. Tay L. I. Lin S. K. Y. Kham J. N. Chia T. M. Chin Norkamar Bt. Adb. Aziz H. B. Wong 《黑龙江环境通报》1994,14(11):1077-1082
β-Thalassaemia major patients have chronic anaemia and since 3–4 per cent of Singaporeans carry the β-gene, prenatal diagnosis is essential. We evaluated the amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) technique as a routine test for prenatal diagnosis of β-major. Six mutations along the β-gene were studied—41–42 (-TCTT), IVSII #654 (C-T), 17β (A-T), – 28 TATA (A-G), IVSI #5 (G-C), and IVSI #1 (G-T). Our results indicate that prenatal diagnosis using these mutations can be offered to 90 per cent (35/39) of our Chinese couples and 54·6 per cent (12/22) of our Malay couples at risk. Confirmation of ARMS results was carried out using allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization. Prenatal diagnosis using ARMS was successfully carried out in nine cases which included a set of triplets and twins. The triplets were diagnosed with the β-trait carrying the 41–42 mutation. The couple with twins possessed the #654 mutation and one twin was diagnosed with the β-trait and the other with #654 homozygosity. Genomic sequencing of the undefined mutations in the Chinese couples revealed rarer mutations at − 29 and an ATG-AGG base substitution at the initiation codon for translation. In the Malay couples, genomic sequencing detected mutations at codon 15 (TGG-TAG) and codon 26 (GAG-AAG). We conclude that ARMS with its direct detection of amplified products by gel electrophoresis provides an accurate, rapid, and simpler method for our β-thalassaemia prenatal diagnosis programme in Singapore. 相似文献
375.
Ole K.Borggaard Abdul Gafur Leif Petersen 《Ambio-人类环境杂志》2003,32(2):118-123
引言 轮垦是一种已存在多年的耕作方法,意味着从大气或从尘土沉降中得到补充的并逐渐释放到土壤中的植物营养物质在休耕期间积累在植被和土壤中.在通过砍伐和焚烧清除天然植被之后,耕地可种植庄稼1年或2年,然后让天然植被复原[1]. 相似文献
376.
377.
Patrick W. Corrigan E. Paul Holmes Daniel Luchins Brett Buican Abdul Basit Joseph J. Parks 《组织行为杂志》1994,15(1):65-74
Previous research has shown that burnout in staff members at psychiatric hospitals is significantly associated with state anxiety and collegial support. The directionality of these relationships may be inferred using a cross-lagged panel design. To do this, 35 staff members representing various clinical disciplines completed measures of burnout, support, and anxiety twice, eight months apart. Burnout comprised three factors: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment. Findings from one cross-lagged panel suggested that emotional exhaustion causes state anxiety. The second panel showed that lack of collegial support caused depersonalization. Understanding causes and effects of burnout for inpatient psychiatric staff may lead to training and resource development that will improve the quality of their work environment. 相似文献
378.
Tabassum Mumtaz Noor Amalina Yahaya Suraini Abd-Aziz Nor’Aini Abdul Rahman Phang Lai Yee Yoshihito Shirai Mohd Ali Hassan 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2010,18(14):1393-1402
Palm oil industries have been contributing significantly towards the country’s economy and increase standard of living among Malaysians. However, it has also been identified as the major contributor for discharging the largest pollution load throughout the country. Owing to high biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), the palm oil mill effluent (POME) cannot be discharged directly into the environment. Thus, palm oil industries are facing tremendous challenges in order to comply with environmental regulations. While anaerobic digestion has been employed by most mills as primary treatment, POME can also be a potential source of degradable organic material which can be converted into value-added products and fine chemicals. Organic acids generated during acid-phase anaerobic digestion of POME could be a potential carbon source for the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)- a biodegradable thermoplastic material of microbial origin. This paper aims at understanding how organic acids from POME may serve as a renewable feedstock for the biosynthesis of PHA. 相似文献
379.
Introduction Nitromusksarewidelyusedassyntheticfragranceingredientsinformulationofsoaps,laundrydetergents,lotions,andbody careproducts,andsoon.Thecommercial anddomesticuseanddischargeofthesecompoundsfrommunicipalsewagesystemshaveledtotheirubiquitousoccurr… 相似文献
380.
Shagufta Perveen Muhammad Yousaf Ameer Fawad Zahoor Nasir Rasool Abdul Jabber 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(10):1523-1534
In this study, the aqueous extract of leaves of the plant cock's comb (Celosia argentea) was fractioned into five batches using n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol, respectively. High performance liquid chromatography analysis of the methanol re-dissolved residues of 3 polar fractions, including dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol separately which exhibited altogether 12 compounds identified as 4-hydroxycinnamic acid (p-coumaric acid), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic acid, caffeic acid, m-coumaric acid, gallic acid, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, m-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, pyrogallol, 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, and genetic acid was categorized by retention time using known compounds. Similarly, the mass confirmation of most of the identified compounds was achieved by injecting 20 µl of composite sample of these three polar fractions into liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Similarly, the physiochemical analysis of C. argentea aqueous extract showed the presence of various constituents such as phenols, flavonoids, tannins, and glycosides. All four organic fractions were examined for phytotoxicity against Lepidium sativum. Analysis of variance showed significant differences among these fractions against germination and growth of L. sativum. Further allelopathic effects appeared to be concentration dependent. Thus, C. argentea may prove effective as a substitute of herbicides to control the weeds like L. sativum from attacking crops and to protect the environment from the health hazard effects of herbicides. 相似文献