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341.
The spermatozoa of the genus Odiomaris Ng and Richer de Forges, 1996 (=Amarinus Lucas, 1980) have the components typical of eubrachyuran (Heterotremata + Thoracotremata) sperm, but differ significantly
from all other investigated eubrachyurans in at least ten characteristics: (1) presence of an epiopercular dome; (2) separation
of all but the central region of the operculum from the remainder of the acrosome by an infra-opercular rim; (3) the fact
that the acrosome is smaller in volume than the nucleus; (4) the acrosome is strongly emergent from the nucleus, being surrounded
only basally by nuclear material; (5) the cytoplasmic sheath, ending anteriorly with the nucleus, is also basal; (6) division
of the acrosome contents into an inner and outer acrosome zone is scarcely apparent in longitudinal section as the inner zone
is narrow and of doubtful homology; (7) the thin, putative inner acrosome zone is anteriorly almost septate owing to several
longitudinal corrugations; (8) basally there is a unique “fringe zone”; (9) the acrosome, including the epinuclear dome, is
longer than wide; (10) the unique helical and posterolateral disposition of the nuclear arms. From a purely spermatological
viewpoint, Odiomaris (as exemplified by O. pilosus and O. estuarius), and provisionally the Hymenosomatidae, are thus excluded from the Thora- cotremata, in which they were formerly placed,
nor are they readily placeable in the Heterotremata.
Received: 30 December 1996 / Accepted: 4 February 1997 相似文献
342.
343.
姚蓉 《应用与环境生物学报》1996,(1)
用一组多克隆抗体对马氏甲烷八叠球菌(Methanosarcinamazei)S-6菌株的基因组DNA文库进行了筛选.仅选出p60A克隆能对马氏甲烷八叠球菌中可发生细胞形态学变化菌株的抗血清发生阳性反应.对p60A克隆的双链DNA进行了序列分析.识别出一开式阅读框架(openreadingframeP,ORFP).表达的蛋白是ORFP编码的蛋白的3倍,并得到ORFP蛋白的三聚体,在SDS-PAGE中表现出整体蛋白的迁移行为.同时,此表达蛋白抗10%SDS,6mol/L尿素及热处理.基因结构分析表明,ORFP具有与M.barkrimcrA有同源性的核糖体结合位点和一个与甲烷细菌启动子共有序列相似度达77%的启动子序列.使用参照序列分析表明,由ORFP演绎的氨基酸序列,具有高密度的带电荷的氨基酸和占优势的β-层迭构型.对此表达蛋白作了Neurosroracrassa的porin蛋白抗血清试验,以研究其可能功能.检验了M.mazeiS-6细胞的蔗糖梯度制备物,对此原细胞中的ORFP蛋白作了定位.结果表明,ORFP蛋白可能是一种古细菌Porin,其在M.mazeiS-6中的表达,可能象大肠杆菌那样与渗透压调节有关. 相似文献
344.
Calcification rates in different fragments along branches of the hermatypic coral Stylophora pistillata were tested in the laboratory using a new technique, the optic glassfiber method. By this method, the tested colony remains constantly in dark conditions while a narrow beam of light, transferred through the optic fiber, illuminates a small distinct point of coral tissue (on a branch tip or base). The selected illuminated portion of the branch serves as the experimental fragment, while all the other parts of the same colony serve as the dark controls. The results indicate that significantly more calcium is incorporated in the tip fragments than in the bases, both in light and in dark conditions (4.1 to 13.2 times more). Illumination of the tips or the bases did not stimulate or enhance the calcification rates of these fragments. Thus, in all colonies tested, the calcification rates of the illuminated fragments were not significantly different from the average rates of other similar, non-illuminated fragments of the same colony. It is suggested that light does not directly enhance calcification in hermatypic corals, but rather, that light enhances O2 production, which consequently stimulates coral metabolism. Our preliminary results indicate that calcification rates recorded in aerated dark experiments are significantly higher than calcification rates of non-aerated dark controls. 相似文献
345.
S.?A.?PouletEmail author M.?Richer de Forges A.?Cueff J.-F.?Lennon 《Marine Biology》2003,143(5):889-895
Two double-labelling methods, Tunel+propidium iodide and Annexin V-FITC+propidium iodide, have been tested to diagnose cell degradation processes in N1–N2 nauplius stages produced by spawning females of the copepod Calanus helgolandicus fed either non-toxic (PRO: control) or toxic (TR1) diets under laboratory conditions. Observation of labelled samples with a confocal laser-scanning microscope revealed that the maternal-food effect, following absorption of the toxic diet, induced cell apoptosis and necrosis in 80–100% of the offspring, which sooner or later died. Similar cell damages were also observed in 18–50% of the nauplii produced by females incubated in filtered seawater. Such cell degradation processes and high mortality were not observed in nauplii produced by females fed the non-toxic diet. Our protocols allowed detection of cell degradations before death of unhealthy larvae, preferentially with a confocal microscope or a conventional visible-fluorescent-light microscope.Communicated by O. Kinne, Oldendorf/Luhe 相似文献
346.
Corinna?ThomEmail author David?C.?Gilley Jürgen?Tautz 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2003,53(4):199-205
This study investigates the brief piping signals ("stop signals") of honey bee workers by exploring the context in which worker piping occurs and the identity and behavior of piping workers. Piping was stimulated reliably by promoting a colony's nectar foraging activity, demonstrating a causal connection between worker piping and nectar foraging. Comparison of the behavior of piping versus non-piping nectar foragers revealed many differences, e.g., piping nectar foragers spent more time in the hive, started to dance earlier, spent more time dancing, and spent less time on the dance floor. Most piping signals (approximately 99%) were produced by tremble dancers, yet not all (approximately 48%) tremble dancers piped, suggesting that the short piping signal and the tremble dance have related, but not identical, functions in the nectar foraging communication system. Our observations of the location and behavior of piping tremble dancers suggest that the brief piping signal may (1) retard recruitment to a low-quality food source, and (2) help to enhance the recruitment success of the tremble dance. 相似文献
347.
This paper describes a study of the treatment of surfactant synthetic solutions by chemical and photolytic oxidation. Synthetic solutions of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) are treated in this work as this is a model compound commonly used in the formulation of detergents, with a great presence in urban and industrial waste-waters. The application of ultraviolet (UV) radiation combined with hydrogen peroxide to oxidize linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) is shown to be suitable as a primary oxidation step since conversions of about 50% of the original compounds are achieved in the most favorable cases. Initially, the influence of the operating variables on the degradation levels is analyzed in this work. A kinetic model that considers the contributions of both direct photolysis and radical attack is also worked out. Direct photolysis is performed to determine the quantum yield in the single photodecomposition reaction. In addition, the rate constant of the reaction between hydroxyl radicals and linear alkylbenzene sulfonates in the oxidizing system H2O2/UV is determined for different operational conditions. Finally, the contribution of each oxidation pathway is quantified, resulting in a higher contribution of the radical reaction than of photolysis in all cases. 相似文献
348.
349.
A grazing experiment was started in 1984 and 1989 respectively, in two parts of a dune grassland in the nature reserve ‘Zwanenwater’,
North Holland; a third part with similar geology and topography was used as a control area and not grazed. An evaluation of
the effects of grazing on vegetation patterns, species composition, vegetation structure and humus form was made with the
help of vegetation maps from 1986 and 1992 as well as field surveys.
Dense tall-grass communities dominated byAmmophila arenaria increased over the period 1986–1992 in the grazed areas, and especially in the non-grazed area (increase in area to 20%,
22% and 50%, respectively). Open communities decreased in the grazed areas, but are still prevalent, while in the ungrazed
area they virtually disappeared, with the result that the present percentage areas are 53%, 38% and 17%.
Field survey data were classified by TWINSPAN producing four vegetation types. These occur more or less equally in grazed
and ungrazed areas, albeit with different percentage areas: (1) open vegetation dominated byCorynephorus canescens; (2) open vegetation characteized, byKoeleria macrantha; (3) heathland dominated byEmpetrum nigrum; and (4) tall-grass communities dominated byAmmophila arenaria. Within a vegetation type, species composition was only marginally affected by grazing regime.
Within the open communities the number of species, vegetation height, vegetation cover and soil organic horizons were not
affected by grazing. In the tall-grass communities the number of species was significantly larger and the height of the vegetation
significantly lower in the area grazed since 1984. In the heathland community the number of species and cover of the moss
layer were significantly higher in the 1984 area and ectorganic and endorganic horizons significantly thicker in the ungrazed
area.
It is suggested that these effects are the result of an increased availability of light, but possibly also of a decreased
stock of organic matter and nutrients, due to a decreased input of litter and accelerated rates of decomposition. 相似文献
350.
Studies on fish have demonstrated female-mating preferences based on dimorphic colours and colour patterns, but commonly focused on the 400-700 nm (visible) band. In experiment 1 we exposed females of the amarillo (Girardinichthys multiradiatus), a viviparous fish with visually based female mate choice, to two views of males either containing (UV+) or lacking (UV-) information in the 300-400 nm region. Experiments were conducted outdoors, and we found that females spent more time next to the male seen through the UV+ filter than the same seen through the UV- filter. Since the two images only differed in the content of UV radiation, we conclude that females of the amarillo can detect UV light. Experiments 2 and 3 were designed to test whether such an effect can be attributed to female preferences based on the males' UV-reflecting colour patterns. We first assessed which area(s) of the fish have UV-reflecting properties. Then, using an opaque gelatine powder to block skin reflectance, we found that, in the presence of environmental UV light, females spend more time close to the males with powder sprinkled outside the UV-reflecting area (control) than to the males with powder sprinkled over the UV-reflecting area (experiment 2). This could have been due to the concealment of signals in the visible spectrum, rather than in the UV spectrum; thus we repeated the same experiment indoors, in the absence of UV light (experiment 2b); here females failed to discriminate between males. Since we also found that females have UV-reflecting areas in their flanks, we conducted a third experiment to test whether the preferential association of females found in the first experiment was due to the tendency to school/associate with conspecifics, rather than to mate choice (experiment 3). We found no evidence of discrimination in this experiment. We conclude that the UV markings and vision in G. multiradiatus have a function in female mate choice. This is the first time that evidence has been found for the influence of UV for mate choice in fish. 相似文献