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331.
Kido MH Mundt CW Montgomery KN Asquith A Goodale DW Kaneshiro KY 《Environmental management》2008,42(4):658-666
Monitoring the complex environmental relationships and feedbacks of ecosystems on catchment (or mountain)-to-sea scales is essential for social systems to effectively deal with the escalating impacts of expanding human populations globally on watersheds. However, synthesis of emerging technologies into a robust observing platform for the monitoring of coupled human-natural environments on extended spatial scales has been slow to develop. For this purpose, the authors produced a new cyberinfrastructure for environmental monitoring which successfully merged the use of wireless sensor technologies, grid computing with three-dimensional (3D) geospatial data visualization/exploration, and a secured internet portal user interface, into a working prototype for monitoring mountain-to-sea environments in the high Hawaiian Islands. A use-case example is described in which native Hawaiian residents of Waipa Valley (Kauai) utilized the technology to monitor the effects of regional weather variation on surface water quality/quantity response, to better understand their local hydrologic cycle, monitor agricultural water use, and mitigate the effects of lowland flooding. 相似文献
332.
Management of public lands occurs today with high levels of scrutiny and controversy. To succeed, managers seek the support,
involvement, and endorsement of the public. This study examines trust as an indicator of managerial success and attempts to
identify and measure the components that most influence it. A review of trust literature yielded 14 attributes that were hypothesized
to contribute to trust, grouped into the three dimensions of Shared Norms and Values, Willingness to Endorse, and Perceived
Efficacy. Operationalizing these attributes and dimensions, a telephone survey was administered to a sample of Montana, USA,
residents living adjacent to the Bitterroot National Forest (n = 1,152). Each of the attributes was measured in the context of federal lands fire and fuel management. Structural equation
modeling showed that all 14 attributes were found to be influential contributors to levels of trust. Results suggest that
if managers are to maintain or increase levels of public trust, they need to consider each of trust’s attributes as they make
social, ecological, and economic resource decisions. 相似文献
333.
With record-breaking tourist visits in Kenya in 2005–2006, communities near the country’s renowned protected areas must undertake
or revisit planning efforts to conserve and enhance the region’s natural, social, and economic resources. This article examines
the differences between two stakeholder groups in the Samburu region of central Kenya: (1) protected area leadership and staff;
and (2) members of the communities adjacent to the protected areas. Based on the results and analysis of 30 in-depth interviews,
the authors identify differences between protected area staff and their community members regarding perceptions about communication
between the two groups, and the economic benefits of tourism. The different stakeholders agreed, however, about challenges
related to equitable distribution of tourism-based employment and revenue. The results indicate a need to reach consensus
about what constitutes sufficient communication between national reserves and their community, and to what extent tourism-related
revenue and employment should be distributed within the region. A discussion of the potential role of indicators and standards
to make such decisions is presented. 相似文献
334.
Jose M. Adam Author Vitae Francisco J. Pallarés Author Vitae Author Vitae 《Journal of Safety Research》2009,40(4):293-299
Problem
One of the phases with the highest risk of falls from a height in the construction of a building is during the floor slab formwork stage. This paper analyzes this particular risk, as well as the most frequently used fall-protection systems.Method
A survey was carried out to define the current situation in Spain with regard to falls from a height during floor slab formwork and the fall-protection systems used to prevent such a risk.Results
The results of the survey clarified the current situation in Spain with regard to this risk, and made it clear that there is considerable risk of falling from a height during the floor slab formwork stage.Discussion
All the safety systems analyzed presented a series of weak points that should be studied in detail before they can be used on building sites.Impact on industry
The risk of falling associated with floor slab formwork and the most frequently used protection systems are analyzed. As no research had been carried out to date on this type of risk, we consider the research presented in this article to be a pioneer in the field. 相似文献335.
Adam S. Markowski M. Sam Mannan 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2009,22(6):921-927
This paper explores the application of the fuzzy logic for risk assessment of major hazards connected with transportation of flammable substances in long pipelines. As a basis for risk assessment, the framework of the fuzzy Layer of Protection Analysis (fLOPA) was used. fLOPA presents a new approach to risk assessment based on two assumptions: 1. different effects of the layer of protection functions on particular elements of the risks (frequency and severity of consequence), and 2. the application of fuzzy logic system (FLS) composed of three elements: fuzzification, inference process and defuzzification. A further calculation follows LOPA methodology with the use of fuzzy logic system where fuzzy risk matrix is used for risk assessment. A typical case study comprising section of a long pipeline failure is performed and a comparison between the classical LOPA approach and fuzzy approach is made. 相似文献
336.
337.
Fabrice Cazier Paul Genevray Dorothée Dewaele Habiba Nouali Anthony Verdin Frédéric Ledoux Adam Hachimi Lucie Courcot Sylvain Billet Saâd Bouhsin Pirouz Shirali Guillaume Garçon Dominique Courcot 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2016,28(6):45-56
Atmospheric aerosol samples(PM_(2.5–0.3), i.e., atmospheric particles ranging from 0.3 to2.5 μm) were collected during two periods: spring–summer 2008 and autumn–winter 2008–2009, using high volume samplers equipped with cascade impactors. Two sites located in the Northern France were compared in this study: a highly industrialised city(Dunkirk) and a rural site(Rubrouck). Physicochemical analysis of particulate matter(PM) was undertaken to propose parameters that could be used to distinguish the various sources and to exhibit seasonal variations but also to provide knowledge of chemical element composition for the interpretation of future toxicological studies. The study showed that PM2.5–0.3concentration in the atmosphere of the rural area remains stable along the year and was significantly lower than in the urban or industrial ones, for which concentrations increase during winter.High concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs), dioxins, furans and dioxin like polychlorinated biphenyls(DL-PCBs), generated by industrial activities, traffic and municipal wastes incineration were detected in the samples. Specific criteria like Carbon Preference Index(CPI) and Combustion PAHs/Total PAHs ratio(CPAHs/TPAHs) were used to identify the possible sources of atmospheric pollution. They revealed that paraffins are mainly emitted by biogenic sources in spring–summer whereas as in the case of PAHs, they have numerous anthropogenic emission sources in autumn-winter(mainly from traffic and domestic heating). 相似文献
338.
Receptor modeling of ambient particulate matter data using positive matrix factorization: review of existing methods 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Reff A Eberly SI Bhave PV 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2007,57(2):146-154
Methods for apportioning sources of ambient particulate matter (PM) using the positive matrix factorization (PMF) algorithm are reviewed. Numerous procedural decisions must be made and algorithmic parameters selected when analyzing PM data with PMF. However, few publications document enough of these details for readers to evaluate, reproduce, or compare results between different studies. For example, few studies document why some species were used and others not used in the modeling, how the number of factors was selected, or how much uncertainty exists in the solutions. More thorough documentation will aid the development of standard protocols for analyzing PM data with PMF and will reveal more clearly where research is needed to help future analysts select from the various possible procedures and parameters available in PMF. For example, research likely is needed to determine optimal approaches for handling data below detection limits, ways to apportion PM mass among sources identified by PMF, and ways to estimate uncertainties in the solution. The review closes with recommendations for documenting the methodological details of future PMF analyses. 相似文献
339.
Tunnel wash waters characterize all waters that run off after washing procedures of tunnels are performed. These waters represent a wide spectrum of organic and inorganic pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and toxic metals. Removal of such contaminants from water runoff was investigated using laboratory tests after washing procedure was performed on two road tunnels in eastern Norway (Hanekleiv and Bragernes). Due to diverse character of both, treatment media and treated wash waters, the whole investigation was divided into two separate laboratory experiments. The treatment efficiencies were established based on the levels of concentrations and reductions of the measured contaminants in the effluents released from the tested media. In the first part of the article, the contents of nonpolar oil (NPO), 16 individual PAHs, and total PAHs (∑PAH16) are described. This part revealed that the combination of two organic sorbent materials provided the highest treatment efficiency for wash waters released from the road tunnel and from electrostatic filters. The greatest reduction levels reached 97.6% for NPO, 97.2% for benzo[a]pyrene, and 96.5% for the total PAHs. In the second part of the article, the concentrations and the removal rates of toxic metals are reported 相似文献
340.
Steve Carver Ian Convery Sally Hawkins Rene Beyers Adam Eagle Zoltan Kun Erwin Van Maanen Yue Cao Mark Fisher Stephen R. Edwards Cara Nelson George D. Gann Steve Shurter Karina Aguilar Angela Andrade William J. Ripple John Davis Anthony Sinclair Marc Bekoff Reed Noss Dave Foreman Hanna Pettersson Meredith Root-Bernstein Jens-Christian Svenning Peter Taylor Sophie Wynne-Jones Alan Watson Featherstone Camilla Fløjgaard Mark Stanley-Price Laetitia M. Navarro Toby Aykroyd Alison Parfitt Michael Soulé 《Conservation biology》2021,35(6):1882-1893
There has been much recent interest in the concept of rewilding as a tool for nature conservation, but also confusion over the idea, which has limited its utility. We developed a unifying definition and 10 guiding principles for rewilding through a survey of 59 rewilding experts, a summary of key organizations’ rewilding visions, and workshops involving over 100 participants from around the world. The guiding principles convey that rewilding exits on a continuum of scale, connectivity, and level of human influence and aims to restore ecosystem structure and functions to achieve a self-sustaining autonomous nature. These principles clarify the concept of rewilding and improve its effectiveness as a tool to achieve global conservation targets, including those of the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration and post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework. Finally, we suggest differences in rewilding perspectives lie largely in the extent to which it is seen as achievable and in specific interventions. An understanding of the context of rewilding projects is the key to success, and careful site-specific interpretations will help achieve the aims of rewilding. 相似文献