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111.
112.
Donald F. Adams 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(8):375-378
A study was made of the status of air pollution technology and research in Western Europe during the spring and summer of 1964. This report is based primarily upon information obtained by interview, visitation and observation at various industrial operations, governmental research laboratories, and communities. Various approaches to odor abatement are described. Vegetation damage from air pollution, and the community air pollution problem are discussed. Trends in research, standard sampling and analysis methods, and performance standards are reported. 相似文献
113.
Peggy Desserud C. Cormack Gates Barry Adams Richard D. Revel 《Journal of environmental management》2010,91(12):2763-2770
The effects of pipeline construction and reclamation techniques on the restoration of rough fescue plant communities following pipeline construction in southwestern Alberta, Canada were evaluated after 7–40 years. The pipeline construction right-of-way (ROW) sites varied from no recovery of rough fescue grassland to moderate recovery. The ROW sites had a higher proportion of introduced grasses and forbs, less topsoil, and poorer rangeland health than the adjacent undisturbed grassland. Within the ROW sites, less topsoil was present on those with larger diameter pipe and which had topsoil fully stripped from the ROW during construction. Introduced grasses, Festuca ovina (sheep fescue) and Poa compressa (Canada bluegrass), succeeded in establishment following seeding and persisted for at least 40 years. Poa pratensis (Kentucky bluegrass) dominated many of the ROW sites. Contributing factors to moderate recovery of rough fescue grassland were related to post-growing season pipeline construction, ideally, between August and March, summer or fall seeding, and minimum disturbance trench-only stripping. Reclamation practices appeared more important than time since restoration in the restoration of rough fescue grassland. 相似文献
114.
Donald F. Adams Robert K. Koppe Homer J. Dana 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(3):160-168
The “dichromate” paper developed by Ripley, Clingenpeel, and Hum was used successfully in our laboratory for conversion of nitric oxide to nitrogen dioxide at concentrations up to the 1 ppm level. When this p aper was used for synthetic mixtures with nitric oxide concentrations in the range of 1—3 ppm, the analyses were erratic and values were lower than calculated. After a number of modifications of the procedures for preparing and using the impregnated paper, a modification of the “dichromate” paper was achieved that reduced scatter in the NO analysis and improved conversion efficiency. The efficiency and reproducibility of the modified paper are good enough that efficiency factors may be established to correct data obtained over a period of at least ó hours of continuous use at relative humidities (RH) near 50%. 相似文献
115.
Andrew Fry Brad Adams Kevin Davis Dave Swensen Shawn Munson William Cox 《International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control》2011
Real-time electrochemical measurements of corrosion rate were performed to evaluate the respective corrosion rates of one boiler waterwall material (SA210) and three boiler superheater materials (T22, P91 and 347H) while firing Utah Western bituminous, Illinois high-sulfur bituminous and Powder River Basin (PRB) sub-bituminous coals in a 1.5 MW pulverized coal-fired furnace. The raw average measured corrosion rates were very low, between 0.0003 and 0.016 mm/year (0.012 and 0.63 mils/year) for most materials under air- and oxy-fired conditions. For some high-sulfur conditions measured corrosion rates were as high as 0.72 mm/year (28 mils/year). Waterwall corrosion rates decreased consistently when converting from air- to oxy-firing while superheater corrosion rates generally increased, although they were less than twice the air-fired rate under most conditions. Corrosion rates for the lower alloyed materials (SA210 and T22) increased significantly during transients from reducing to oxidizing conditions. Measured increases in the corrosion rate of 347H material under high sulfur and low temperature conditions, and associated decrease in corrosion rate at higher temperatures on this alloy, were consistent with the formation of trisulphates in the superheater deposits. The increase of corrosion rate with increased metal temperatures was demonstrated, as was the consistently repeatable nature of the observed results. 相似文献
116.
Adams Menin Loriano Ballarin Marcantonio Bragadin Francesca Cima 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(8):644-654
Using short-term hemocyte cultures of the colonial ascidian Botryllus schlosseri exposed to various sublethal concentrations of Diuron (3-(3,4-diclorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea) and TCMS pyridine (2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-4-(metylsulphonyl)pyridine), we evaluated their immunotoxic effects through a series of cytochemical assays previously used for organotin compounds. At concentrations higher than 250 μ M and 10 μ M for Diuron and TCMS pyridine, respectively, both biocides exerted immunosuppressant effects on Botryllus hemocytes, causing i) deep changes in the cytoskeleton that irreversibly affect cell morphology and phagocytosis, ii) induction of DNA damage, iii) leakage of oxidative and hydrolytic enzymes due to membrane alteration. Unlike organotin compounds, Diuron and TCMS pyridine do not inhibit cytochrome-c-oxidase, and only TCMS pyridine triggers oxidative stress. When co-present, they exert an antagonistic interaction on cytoskeletal components. 相似文献
117.
Sustainable Cities and Sustainable Development Sustainable Cities. G. Haughton &; C. Hunter, 1994, Jessica Kingsley/Regional Studies Association, London Sustainable Cities in Europe. P. Nijkamp &; A. Perrels, 1994, Earthscan, London ISBN 185383, £12.95 Toward Sustainable Development Concepts, Methods and Policy. J. C. J. M. van den Bergh &; J. van der Straaten, 1994, Island Press, Washington, DC, ISBN 1 55963 3492, £30.00 Just Environments: intergenerational, international and interspecies issues. David E. Cooper &; Joy A. Palmer (Eds), 1995, London, Routledge, ISBN 0 415–10336–3, pp. 199, index, £11.99 First Steps: Local Agenda 21 in practice. Stella Whittaker (Ed.), 1995, London, HMSO, 251 pp. ISBN 0 11 701871 6, £29.95 Beyond the Car: essays on the auto culture. Sue Zielinski &; Gordon Laird (Eds), 1995, Toronto, Steel Rail Publishing/Transportation Options, 191 pp. ISBN 0 88791 042 4, pbk, C$ 19.95, US$15.95 相似文献
118.
García-Sánchez A Contreras F Adams M Santos F 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2006,28(6):529-540
Soil, waste rock and mud from mercury-gold amalgamation mining areas of El Callao (Venezuela) are highly enriched in Hg (0.5–500 μg g−1) relative to natural background concentrations (<0.1 μg g−1). Mercury fluxes to the atmosphere from twelve polluted sites of this area were measured in situ (6 a.m. to 8 p.m.) using
a Plexiglas flux chamber connected to a portable mercury analyzer (model RA-915+; Lumex, St. Petersburg, Russia). Mercury
fluxes ranged between 0.65 and 420.1 μg m−2 h−1, and the average flux range during the diurnal hours␣was 9.1–239.2 μg m−2 h−1. These flux values are five orders of magnitude higher than both reported world background Hg fluxes (1–69 ng m−2 h−1) and the regional values, which are in the range 2–10 ng m−2 h−1. The flux results obtained in this study are, however, similar to those measured at Hg polluted sites such as chloro-alkali
plants or polymetallic ore mining districts (>100,000 ng m−2 h−1). The results from this study also show that Hg emissions from the soil are influenced by solar radiation, soil temperature
and soil Hg concentration. Our data suggest that solar radiation may be the dominant factor affecting Hg° emission since the
major species of mercury in polluted soil is Hg° (85–97% of total Hg). The simple release of Hg° vapor is probably the dominant
process occurring with incident light in the field. The apparent activation energy for mercury emission indicates that the
volatilization of mercury mainly occurred as a result of the vaporization of elemental mercury in soil. The degree of Hg emission
differed significantly among the soil sites studied, which may be due to variations in soil texture, organic matter content
and soil compaction. 相似文献
119.
Over the past ten years, total mercury (THg) levels have been surveyed in Alaskan wildlife and fish as part of the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment (AMAP). Beyond these studies there is little historical data on THg levels in important subsistence species for people in Alaska. A survey of THg in caribou hair from archaeological deposits would provide data to develop temporal trends for this region of the Arctic. Caribou hair from a Western Thule settlement beneath the Alaska native village of Deering (ca. AD 1150) show variability in hair THg values, with a mean level (86 ng/g) which is in the range that is observed in modern Rangifer sp. (caribou and reindeer). Hair from House 1 had a THg mean level of 99.6 ng/g and hair from House 2 had a THg mean of 64.2 ng/g. This is the earliest reported record of mercury in caribou associated with human subsistence activities in the western North American Arctic, and is a first step toward compilation of a needed database through which to measure and evaluate exposure to mercury by people who rely heavily on caribou as a food source. We hypothesize that similarity in mercury values in archaeological samples of caribou and in contemporary samples would give an additional perspective on human exposure to mercury through caribou harvest and consumption today. Since this hypothesis will be more useful if evaluated at a regional rather than global scale, further studies will be needed at different archaeological sites across Alaska to determine the generality of this observation in relation to geographic scale. 相似文献
120.
An omphalocele is a congenital defect in the abdominal wall characterized by absent abdominal muscles, fascia, and skin. The characteristic ultrasound appearance includes a midline defect with herniation of abdominal contents into the base of the umbilical cord. Other anatomic abnormalities are seen in approximately 50% of cases, most notably cardiac defects (19%–32%). Approximately, 50% of cases are associated with genetic and multiple malformation syndromes including trisomy 13/18, pentalogy of Cantrell and Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome. Therefore, a thorough evaluation is recommended, including detailed anatomic survey, fetal echocardiogram, genetic counseling, and prenatal diagnostic testing. Overall prognosis depends on the size of the omphalocele, genetic studies, and associated anomalies. Early prenatal diagnosis remains important in order to provide parental counseling and assist in pregnancy management. Delivery should occur at a tertiary care center. Timing and mode of delivery should be based on standard obstetric indications with cesarean delivery reserved for large omphalocele (>5 cm) or those that involve the fetal liver. Neonatal management involves either primary or staged reduction, both of which can be associated with a prolonged neonatal hospitalization. 相似文献