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561.
This study tested a relational demography model of workgroup identification. We theorized that early in workgroup formation, (a) racial identification would moderate the influence of racial dissimilarity on member communication behavior (frequency and length of verbal participation) during a group task, (b) member communication behaviors would mediate the effect of racial dissimilarity on workgroup identification, and that (c) these effects would be affected non‐symmetrically by racial group membership (White, Black). This model was tested among a sample of 211 undergraduates (113 White and 98 Black), working in 43 temporary workgroups. Whites' racial identification moderated the relationship between racial dissimilarity and member communication behaviors, which in turn partially mediated the effect of racial dissimilarity on workgroup identification, generally consistent with our model. Among Black workgroup members support for our model was limited. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
562.
We consider the extent to which the Mackenzie Valley Resource Management Act (MVRMA) provides an opportunity for deliberative democracy to emerge within the context of resource management in Canada's North. The focus is on the extent to which the tenets of deliberative democracy are exercised in the environmental assessment (EA) of the Snap Lake diamonds project. Data collection included semi-structured interviews with assessment participants, and a review of documentation surrounding the EA process, and the case study. Results combined four principles of deliberative democracy: generality, autonomy, power neutrality, and ideal role taking. The EA conducted under the MVRMA can serve as a deliberative process, as illustrated by opportunities for dialogue, access to different perspectives, and learning outcomes. However, many of these positive results occurred through nonmandated technical sessions. The absence of participant funding also limits the deliberative potential of the MVRMA. 相似文献
563.
Plaza-Bolaños P Padilla-Sánchez JA Garrido-Frenich A Romero-González R Martínez-Vidal JL 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2012,14(4):1182-1189
A comprehensive survey of the occurrence and fate of pesticides and organic contaminants in soils from an intensive agricultural area devoted to horticultural production in plastic-based greenhouses has been performed to determine if the operation under integrated pest management practices has contributed to reduce the levels of these compounds. Almería province (south-eastern Spain) was selected for the case study. 38 agricultural soil samples (each sample corresponds to an independent private greenhouse) of areas working under integrated pest management (IPM) programs have been analyzed in order to evaluate their contamination fate. Sampling was designed to cover an area of about 400 km(2). Pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), phenolic compounds and di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) were monitored. The obtained results were compared to other studies reported in Spain and Europe. Among relevant persistent pesticides, DDTs and endosulfans were mainly found and the results indicated historical application, although recent application of endosulfan was rarely detected. PAHs were also found but to a lesser extent and derived from pyrogenic sources. DEHP levels were considerably higher in comparison to the other monitored analytes. The evaluation revealed that despite the use of IPM programs, pesticide and organic contaminants are still being detected in this type of agricultural soil, although at relatively low concentration levels. In general, the contamination rate was similar or lower in comparison to other agricultural areas from nearby regions or countries. However, further monitoring studies should be carried out to establish the possible reduction in contamination by the selected compounds. 相似文献
564.
Mahmoud N Dellali M Aissa P Mahmoudi E 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(10):5851-5861
Marine gastropods, exposed to anthropogenic pollution, accumulate high chemical concentrations in their tissues, especially in the digestive glands. An evaluation of the impacts of cadmium (Cd) and permethrin (Perm), coupled with reproductive events (pre-spawning and post-spawning phase) throughout the year, was attempted by measuring catalase (CAT), a biomarker of defence, on Hexaplex trunculus experimentally exposed for 48 or 96 h. Specimens of gastropods were sampled from Bizerta Lagoon (Tunisia). The results show that CAT activity increased in gastropods exposed to the three cadmium concentrations (C1 Cd, 100 μg L(-1); C2 Cd, 200 μg L(-1); and C3 Cd, 300 μg L(-1)) and to the three permethrin doses (C1 Perm, 100 μg L(-1); C2 Perm, 150 μg L(-1); and C3 Perm, 200 μg L(-1)) tested. A decrease in CAT was noted in the digestive gland of the H. trunculus exposed to permethrin at the concentration of 200 μg L(-1) during the pre-spawning and post-spawning phases. H. trunculus in post-spawning was more sensitive to cadmium and permethrin than in the pre-spawning phase. The biochemical responses to pollutants (cadmium and permethrin) represented by CAT may act as a biomarker of exposure in this species. 相似文献
565.
Water quality assessment, by statistical analysis, on rural and urban areas of Chocancharava River (Río Cuarto), Córdoba, Argentina 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Eduardo A. Gatica César A. Almeida Miguel A. Mallea Maria C. del Corigliano Patricia González 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2012,184(12):7257-7274
Water quality has degraded dramatically in the Chocancharava River (Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina) due to point and non-point sources. This paper aims to assess spatial and temporal variations of physical and chemical parameters of the river. Six sampling sites and six sampling campaigns were developed. During the period 2007–2008, wet and dry seasons were included. A statistical analysis was carried out with 23 physical and chemical variables. Then, a new statistical analysis was carried out including the Riparian Corridors Quality Index and the physical and chemical variables (24 variables). Considering a multivariate system, analysis of variance, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used. From the statistical analysis, the river was divided into two zones with different degrees of contamination. The most polluted zone is due to pollution inputs of urban, industrial and agricultural sources. This area showed a remarkable deterioration in water quality, mainly due to wastewater discharges. According to Riparian Quality, better results were found in sections of poor water quality, due to the fact that the river bank forest was less degraded downstream of the sewage discharge. 相似文献
566.
Gillenwater PS Urgun-Demirtas M Negri MC Alvarado J 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2012,14(1):27-29
In order to compare treatability test results evaluating low-level mercury (Hg) removal from oil refinery wastewater, improvements in Hg analytical methods were conducted at two US EPA certified analytical labs. The revisions in the analytical protocols improved Hg recoveries and hence enabled more reliable data interpretation and comparison for the specific wastewater tested. Nevertheless, significant differences between results from the two laboratories were identified in a split-sample experiment. 相似文献
567.
Edwin Sabuhoro Brett A. Wright Robert B. Powell Jeffrey C. Hallo Patricia A. Layton Ian E. Munanura 《Environmental management》2020,65(3):410-419
Illegal activities and use of park resources are the main challenges facing mountain gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei) conservation and the protection of their habitats in the East Africa’s Greater Virunga Transboundary Landscape (GVTL). Indigenous residents around GVTL are considered the primary illegal users of park resources. Despite this, there is limited understanding of the current and past perceptions of indigenous residents living in communities adjacent to two GVTL parks; Volcanoes National Park in Rwanda and Mgahinga Gorilla National Park in Uganda. Equally, there is also limited understanding regarding the actual incidences of illegal activities inside both parks. This paper addresses these gaps. Perception data were collected from indigenous residents living adjacent to both parks. Further, Ranger-based Monitoring (RbM) data from both parks were analyzed to determine actual numbers and types of illegal activities over the 9-year period. Interestingly, findings indicated that residents perceived the prevalence of illegal activities to be decreasing across GVTL. To the contrary, RbM findings indicated that the number of actual illegal activities was increasing significantly, particularly in Volcanoes National Park. The discrepancy found between the two perspectives provides for a discussion of the social biases potentially present in these data, and their implications for management. Results also illuminated the subsistence-related nature of most illegal behaviors and suggest that to reduce illegal activities and local dependency on park resources, park management must work with communities and support them in tapping into alternative livelihoods and finding ways to address community household subsistence needs. 相似文献
568.
Environmental Economics and Policy Studies - This paper ranks two widely used command-and-control environmental instruments, in terms of relevant equilibrium variables such as output, profits,... 相似文献
569.
Over the next half century the human population is expected to grow rapidly, resulting in the conversion of rural areas into
cities. Wetlands in these regions are therefore under threat, even though they have important ecosystem services and functions.
Many obligate marsh-nesting birds in North America have shown declines over the past 40 years, and it is important to evaluate
marsh bird community response to increased urbanization. We surveyed 20 coastal marshes in southern Ontario, Canada, and found
that obligate marsh-nesting birds preferred rural over urban wetlands, generalist marsh-nesting birds showed no preference,
while synanthropic species showed a trend towards increased richness and abundance in urban marshes. The Index of Marsh Bird
Community Integrity (IMBCI) was calculated for each wetland and we found significantly higher scores in rural compared to
urban wetlands. The presence of a forested buffer surrounding the marsh was not an important factor in predicting the distribution
of generalists, obligates, synanthropic species, or the IMBCI. More isolated marshes had a lower species richness of obligate
marsh-nesters and a lower IMBCI than less isolated marshes. Based on our results, we recommend that urban land use is not
the dominant land use within 1000 m from any wetland, as it negatively affects the abundance and richness of obligate marsh-nesters,
and the overall integrity of the avian community. We also recommend that all existing wetlands be conserved to mitigate against
isolation effects and to preserve biodiversity. 相似文献
570.
Adriana Kolesarova Shubhadeep Roychoudhury Bibiana Klinerova Dagmara Packova Katarina Michalcova Marek Halenar 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2019,54(6):533-537
Quercetin is a dietary bioflavonoid used widely as a food supplement and is generally recognized as safe. The aim of this in vitro study was to examine the steroid hormone (progesterone and 17- β estradiol) release, proliferation (PCNA and cyclin B1) and apoptosis (caspase 3 and p53) of porcine ovarian granulosa cells after the addition of quercetin at concentrations 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100?μmol?L?1. Progesterone release was stimulated at the concentration 10?μmol?L?1. Quercetin neither had any impact on 17-β estradiol secretion nor on the presence of PCNA. However, a significant enhancement of the occurrence of cyclin B1 was noted except for the lowest concentration 0.01?μmol?L?1. Quercetin did not have any influence on the number of granulosa cells containing caspase 3, but at the concentration 10?μmol?L?1 it inhibited p53 occurrence. Results confirm the safety of quercetin in porcine ovarian granulosa cell model and further suggest its possible concentration-dependent influence on ovarian functions through pathway that may involve progesterone, cyclin B1 and p53. 相似文献