西藏“一江两河”资源开发和综合发展规划

本文简要介绍了西藏“一江两河”中部流域的开发工程,并提出了制定发展战略应考虑的几个问题。充分利用区域的特殊自然条件,制定合理的能源开发战略,以阻止生态环境恶化,促进区域经济和社会发展,有利于民族团结和社会进步。     

Modeling obsolete computer stock under regional data constraints: An Atlanta case study

In this paper, we report on our efforts to develop a research framework that can be used to quantify waste flows for different geographical areas in the face of limited waste data availability. We demonstrate this framework in our case study of obsolete computers in the Atlanta metropolitan area. We develop computer obsolescence rates at the national metropolitan level, and couple this data with economic information at the census tract level to generate product inventory estimates (PIE) of the stock of obsolete computers from both business and household sectors in the Atlanta metropolitan area. We seek to improve the accuracy of waste flow estimates for specific geographic areas over those of previous studies, provide an easily replicable and cost effective methodology, highlight the ensuing spatial implications for collection and recycling systems using GIS, and demonstrate the potential economic benefits from diverting electronic wastes within a region. The modeling framework we have developed is intended to be applicable to other regions and to other medium range durable goods discarded by households, businesses, or obtained from buildings.     

苦草对不同浓度氮净化效果及其形态转化规律

为研究不同营养程度下水生植物对污染物的净化效果,选择长江中下游河流和湖泊水体中典型沉水植物苦草作为研究对象,在2006-09-07～2006-09-22期间开展了7种氮浓度条件下,苦草对水体氮的净化效应及氮在植物体内累积分布规律研究,并分析了水体中氮形态的转化特征.结果表明,试验期内苦草在氮浓度低于60.0 mg/L范围内表现为对水体中氮较强的净化作用,且对总氮的净化效果具有相似的规律性.但是当水体氮浓度大于80.0 mg/L时,苦草对水体氮净化的贡献无明显的规律性.氮在植物体内的累积与水体中氮浓度相关,但其在地下部和地上部的分配规律与浓度的差异无关.水体中氮的形态转换与总氮浓度相关,水中氮浓度低于20.0 mg/L时,氨氮浓度迅速降低,但随着氮浓度的增加,氨氮所占比例明显增大,表明苦草对不同氮浓度条件氮净化具有明显的差异和影响.     

患心血管病老年人夏季PM2.5和CO的暴露特征及评价

运用室内外环境监测与问卷调查法相结合的研究方法,对北京市某社区33名患心血管疾病的老年人夏季PM2.5、CO的暴露特征作了研究评价.结果表明,老年人夏季PM2.5、CO的24h个体平均暴露浓度分别为89.6μg/m3,1.9×10-6.PM2.5室内外浓度呈现明显的时间变化特征,并受到气象因素及室内外源排放的共同影响.对老年人群室内外与固定站点CO、PM2.5质量浓度变化的相关性分析显示,室外及固定站点的PM2.5浓度受区域污染源影响较大,CO浓度受局地源影响较大;大气PM2.5可能是影响该社区老年人健康的主要污染物.     

Carbon dioxide electroreduction into formic acid and ethylene: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Climate change damage induced by growing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions has rapidly fostered research on capturing, utilizing, and converting CO2 into valuable C1...     

增强UVB辐射对彩色马铃薯相关生理生化特性的影响

云南省特有紫色马铃薯品种转心乌Solanum tuberosum L.和对照品种大西洋Solanum tuberosum L.种植于大田条件下,以自然太阳光照射、人工增强辐射剂量2W·m-2、人工增强辐射剂量4W·m-2三个水平的紫外线B辐射的剂量进行80d照射处理,研究紫外线B辐射对马铃薯叶片内叶绿素含量、类胡萝卜素含量、脯氨酸含量、类黄酮含量、丙二醛含量的影响和对细胞质膜的伤害程度.研究结果表明:增强的LIVB辐射由于抑制了叶绿素的合成,致使其含量随着处理时间的持续而不断降低;而短期内增加较低剂量的UVB辐射会诱导类胡萝卜素含量增加,但是随着处理时间的延续却不断降低;由于植株的适应性反应,持续的UVB辐射诱导致使脯氨酸含量和类黄酮含量不断增加;随着所清理活性氧数量的不断累积,其主要产物之一丙二醛的含量也在不断累积,而且UVB辐射对叶片内细胞质膜的不断伤害致使膜透性不断增加.在相同处理条件下云南转心乌叶片内脯氨酸和类黄酮的含量及增加速率明显高于大西洋,丙二醛的积累则少于大西洋.并且转心乌叶片的细胞质膜所受伤害程度亦较大西洋轻.研究结果说明,脯氨酸含量、类黄酮含量、丙二醛含量以及细胞质膜伤害率具有品种间差异,紫色的云南转心乌较大西洋在一定程度上更容易适应LrVB辐射增强的生态环境.     

天然气燃烧对厨房空气质量的影响

为了解北京市天然气燃烧烟气对厨房空气质量的综合影响,随机选取北京市城区194户家庭厨房作为研究场所,对天然气燃烧后厨房空气中的二氧化碳、一氧化碳和氮氧化物进行监测,分析了天然气燃烧对厨房空气质量的影响状况.同时,针对通风条件、季节差异等因素对空气质量的影响进行了研究.     

多泥沙河流中泥沙与污染物相互作用机理研究进展

对目前国内外泥沙引起的河流污染问题进行了概述,并总结了国内外在此领域研究的进展.指出了目前泥沙污染机理方面研究比较普遍,也取得了许多成果,要进一步揭示泥沙与污染物间吸附和释放机理需要将室内实验和野外调查相结合.     

Fast and reversible adsorption for dibenzothiophene in fuel oils with metallic nano-copper supported on mesoporous silica

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Dibenzothiophene (DBT) in fuel oils causes the release of toxic sulfur oxide gases, and it is necessary to remove DBT in fuels. Herein, metallic...     

Pharmacogenomics of the human ABC transporter ABCG2: from functional evaluation to drug molecular design

In the post-genome-sequencing era, emerging genomic technologies are shifting the paradigm for drug discovery and development. Nevertheless, drug discovery and development still remain high-risk and high-stakes ventures with long and costly timelines. Indeed, the attrition of drug candidates in preclinical and development stages is a major problem in drug design. For at least 30% of the candidates, this attrition is due to poor pharmacokinetics and toxicity. Thus, pharmaceutical companies have begun to seriously re-evaluate their current strategies of drug discovery and development. In that light, we propose that a transport mechanism-based design might help to create new, pharmacokinetically advantageous drugs, and as such should be considered an important component of drug design strategy. Performing enzyme- and/or cell-based drug transporter, interaction tests may greatly facilitate drug development and allow the prediction of drug–drug interactions. We recently developed methods for high-speed functional screening and quantitative structure–activity relationship analysis to study the substrate specificity of ABC transporters and to evaluate the effect of genetic polymorphisms on their function. These methods would provide a practical tool to screen synthetic and natural compounds, and these data can be applied to the molecular design of new drugs. In this review article, we present an overview on the genetic polymorphisms of human ABC transporter ABCG2 and new camptothecin analogues that can circumvent AGCG2-associated multidrug resistance of cancer.