基于主成分分析的江苏省水资源承载力研究

随着水资源短缺和水污染问题的加剧,水资源供需矛盾日益突出,水资源承载力已成为衡量区域可持续发展的一项重要指标。以江苏省水资源承载力为研究对象,运用主成分分析法对江苏省的水资源承载力从时间和空间两个角度进行综合评价。研究表明：影响水资源承载力的因子主要包括经济发展因子、人口因子和水资源自然状况因子;2000~2009年,江苏省的水资源承载力整体上呈现出稳步递增的趋势;从空间上来看,江苏省内的水资源承载力存在明显的地区差异,苏南的水资源承载力最大,苏中次之,苏北最小,这主要是受到地区经济发展不平衡和水资源条件的影响。为了保证社会经济的可持续发展,必须合理、高效地利用水资源,充分发挥水资源的承载潜力     

基于ASM2的快速易生物降解COD组分表征方法构建

基于活性污泥2号模型（ASM2）对快速易生物降解组分（SS）进一步划分为可发酵的易生物降解有机物（SF）和发酵产物（SA）,本研究提出了一套科学的表征方法。该方法涉及SS与XS（慢速可生物降解组分）的好氧呼吸测量同时表征、SA组分的离子色谱测定以及物料衡算。应用这套方法对重庆市某2个城市污水厂隔栅井出水水样平行进行了4组实验,各种组分测量值序列的CV值在2.09%～6.18%之间。     

Determination of the herbicide fluroxypyr in oil matrices

The purpose of this study was to develop a method for the determination of fluroxypyr (4-amino-3,5-dichloro-6-fluro2-pyridyloxyacetic acid) residue in palm oil namely crude palm oil (CPO) and crude palm kernel oil (CPKO). The method involves the extraction of the herbicide from the oil matrix followed by low temperature precipitation and finally quantification of the residues using the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The extraction efficiency of the method was evaluated by conducting recovery studies. The recovery of fluroxypyr from the fortified CPO samples ranged from 78%-111% with the relative values for the coefficient of variation ranging from 1.4 to 8.6%. Furthermore, the recovery of fluroxypyr from the spiked CPKO samples ranged from 91-107% with the relative values for the coefficient of variation ranging from 0.6 to 4.5%. The minimum detection limit of fluroxypyr in CPO and CPKO was 0.05 microg/g. The method was used to determine fluroxypyr residues from the field-treated samples of CPO and CPKO. When fluroxypyr was used for weed control in oil palm plantations no residue was detected in CPO and CPKO irrespective of the sampling interval and the dosage applied at the recommended or double the manufacturer's recommended dosage.     

城市区域风易损结构风灾损失分析研究

城市风易损结构在台风等强风灾害下的损坏及倒塌将严重影响城市社会的运行安全。以户外广告牌作为典型城市风易损结构物,提出基于结构参数的风易损结构抗风分析方法。针对城市广告牌分布具有的区域空间分布特征及局部风效应,以城市区域风灾为研究对象,结合区域数值风场模拟分析对城市区域风灾损失进行了分析研究。     

Youth environmental attitudes in Australia and Brunei: implications for education

This paper explores similarities and differences in the knowledge, beliefs and actions that comprise the environmental attitudes of senior secondary school students in Australia and Brunei. Utilising data from a wider international study in Asia and the Pacific (Yencken et al. , 2000), the paper uses findings from these two countries to illustrate the pervasiveness of global environmental concerns over local cultural influences in the construction of youth environmental attitudes in Australia and Brunei. Thus, young people in these countries, as they do in all parts of the Asia-Pacific region, have very similar levels of environmental awareness and knowledge, sources of environmental, beliefs, systems or world views about the environment, and levels of perceived control over environmental trends. They also have a shared desire for schools to do more in the area of environmental education. The paper concludes that much more effort needs to be made in certain areas. The first is to encourage teachers and others who have influence over young people to develop their own knowledge and skills to be able to teach environmental education effectively. The second is in the area of curriculum and pedagogical reform so that young people explore the many possible ways in which current systems can change to support sustainability, in which current lifestyles reflect these systems, and in which their own actions can contribute to a sustainable future.     

实施可持续发展战略的防灾减灾对策

通过阐述灾害的自然生态、社会经济成因及危害,说明可持续发展跨世纪人类发展战略的根本变革,防灾减灾是实施可持续发展战略的重要环节,提出了防灾减灾对策。     

氮肥种类及用量对赤红壤pH和可溶性盐的影响

为了探讨施用氮肥对赤红壤性土壤pH和可溶性盐的影响,以赤红壤上发育的水稻土为供试土壤,以油麦菜(Lactucasativa L)为栽培作物,采用盆栽试验,研究了在施等量的磷(P2O5 0.08 g·kg-1)、钾(K2O 0.16 g·kg-1)条件下,尿素、硫酸铵、氯化铵、硝酸铵4个氮肥品利吸其不同用量水平(0、0.08、0.16、0.24和0.32 g·kg-1)下土壤的pH和可溶性盐的变化情况.结果表明,施用氮肥的利,类及用量对赤红壤性土壤的pH、可溶性盐及K 、Na 、Ca2 和Mg2 的质量分数有显著影响;随着氮肥用量的增加,土壤pH显著降低,而可溶性盐及K 、Na .、Ca2 和Mg2 的质量分数则升高;在各施氮水平下,(NH4)2SO4、NH4Cl对土壤pH、可溶性盐及K 、Na 、Ca2 和Mg2 的质量分数的影响总体上明显大于CO(NH2)2、NH4NO3.     

工业废弃地再开发的可持续性评价方法回顾

可持续发展取得共识后,可持续性评价工具大量出现,工业废弃地再开发中也广泛应用.根据对可持续性理解的不同,工业废弃地再开发的可持续性评价方法可以分为目标驱动型和过程驱动型两大类型:目标驱动型往往扩展为"目标-指标评价法",而且根据目标的差异,可以分为单项和综合方法,后者可分为制度性和参与性框架,参与性框架又可以分为自上而下型和自下而上型;过程驱动型包括SEA驱动型和EIA驱动型,前者往往与相关的土地规划有关,后者通常以项目为基础.总之,工业废弃地再开发可持续性评价方法的演进与其基础理论演变和社会变化有密切关系,一方面日益与开发和决策过程相结合,另一方面也更加关注公共参与.借鉴各国工业废弃地可持续再开发的经验,把握可持续性评价的发展趋势,将促进我国城市土地资源的可持续利用,有利于构建"资源集约型"、"环境友好型"的循环型社会.     

Nano-oxides washcoat for enhanced catalytic oxidation activity toward the perovskite-based monolithic catalyst

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In order to explore a superior washcoat material to give full play to the catalytic activity of perovskite active components on the monolithic...     

臭氧与过氧化钙协同降解甲基红废水

对单独臭氧（O₃）、臭氧与过氧化钙（O₃/CaO₂）联用技术降解甲基红染料废水进行了研究,考察了O₃流量、温度、废水初始pH值、CaO₂投加量、处理时间以及不同水基质等因素对甲基红降解效果的影响.结果表明,在O₃流量为48L/h,温度为26℃,初始pH值为6.2的纯水中降解10min,单独O₃处理对甲基红的降解率为86.1%.在此条件下投加CaO₂,投加量为6.9mmol/L时,O₃/CaO₂联用技术对甲基红废水的脱色率可达到94%.水基质中草酸的存在并不会对O₃/CaO₂联用体系的降解作用造成抑制.O₃/CaO₂联用体系在多种复杂水基质中都能达到较好的脱色效果.通过对比试验发现,O₃/CaO₂联用对甲基红的降解起协同作用,CaO₂不仅可以产生H₂O₂促进染料被O₃降解,而且CaO₂的吸附作用也有利于染料和污染物质的氧化去除.该联用工艺可高效地去除印染废水的色度,达到出水水质处理标准.