粉煤灰干法除炭技术与设备

根据最新收集的文献资料，介绍了国外典型的粉煤灰干法除炭，特别是电选除炭方面的新进展，包括其工作原理、优缺点及工业应用情况。旨在为国内相关企业提供参考。     

辽东湾海水中甾体雌激素的检测及生态风险评价

建立了SPE-丹酰化衍生-UPLC-MS/MS海水中雌激素的高灵敏度分析方法,对辽东湾海水中甾体雌激素的浓度水平及分布进行了调查并对其潜在的生态风险进行了评估.结果表明:辽东湾海水样品中检出雌酮,17β-雌二醇,17α-雌二醇,雌三醇和17α-乙炔基雌二醇的浓度分别为(0.714±0.407),(0.089±0.077),(0.009±0.011),(0.008±0.008),(0.001±0.003)ng/L.雌激素浓度在大辽河入海口区域最高,双台子河入海口次之,大凌河及小凌河入海口区域最低.辽东湾海水中的17β-雌二醇等当量浓度(EEQ-E2β)为0.562±0.327ng/L,导致野生梭鱼雌雄同体发生的概率约为0.83%,不足以解释该海域野生梭鱼雌雄同体的高发生率.为了有效管理该海域的环境安全,有必要对原因物质进行进一步解析.     

硝酸银滴定法测量水中氯化物含量的不确定度评定

采用硝酸银滴定法测量水中氯化物含量,根据化学分析项目建立数学模型,对测定水样中氯化物的不确定度来源-配制NaCI标准溶液、标定AgNO3标准溶液浓度、测水样消耗AgNO3溶液体积、取水样体积、样品重复性测定等参数引入的不确定度分量进行识别和分析,进而对所有不确定度分量进行量化,得出测量不确定度结果,提出了该方法的合成不确定度及监测过程中的注意环节。     

环境经济综合核算的环境资源价值问题的研究

随着人类社会经济的发展,环境污染日益严重以及环境资源的日趋短缺问题的出现,环境资源也逐渐显示出其稀缺性。在环境经济综合核算体系中,环境资源价值估算是环境核算的核心问题。环境资源价值问题的研究对资源管理、生态建设和环境保护具有重要的理论和现实意义。通过查阅国内外文献,探讨环境资源价值的研究现状、理论及其评估方法。在总结现有的环境资源价值评估方法的基础上,提出了应用能值分析方法来客观核算环境资源价值,从而能够更接近环境资源的真实价值。     

微囊藻毒素完全抗原的研制

为研制通用性微囊藻毒素（Microcystins,MCs）完全抗原,首先选用硫醇盐将微囊藻毒素氨基衍生化,利用戊二醛两步法合成完全抗原,戊二醛的两个醛基分别与微囊藻毒素和牛血清白蛋白上的氨基发生反应,形成稳定的Schiff碱,从而达到微囊藻毒素的完全抗原化。结果显示,偶联比在3～18：1,平均偶联比为8：1,可作为下一步免疫的完全抗原使用。     

气候变化对生物多样性的影响:脆弱性和适应

气候变化对生物多样性影响及其适应直接关系着未来生物多样性的保护.气候变化对生物多样性影响、生物多样性在气候变化影响下的脆弱性、生物多样性适应气候变化方面进行了总结分析,对存在的问题进行了讨论,对今后研究提出了一些建议.过去的气候变化已使物种物候、分布和丰富度等改变,使一些物种灭绝、部分有害生物危害强度和频率增加,使一些生物入侵范围扩大、生态系统结构与功能改变等.未来的气候变化仍将使物种物候和行为、分布和丰富度等改变,使一些物种灭绝、使有害生物爆发频率和强度增加,并将可能使生态系统结构与功能发生改变等.生物多样性适应气候变化包括了自然适应和人为适应两个方面,自然适应体现在物种适应性进化、迁移、生态系统稳定性和弹性等,人为适应体现在种质基因保存、物种异地保护、自然保护区规划设计、生态系统适应性管理、生态恢复和气候灾害防御等.目前,生物多样性对气候变化影响的脆弱性、生物多样性自然适应和人为适应气候变化方面的研究都还不系统深入,需要加强生物多样性自然适应和人为适应气候变化方面的研究.     

The effects of male–male contests and female eavesdropping on female mate choice and male mating success in the jumping spider, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Thiania bhamoensis</Emphasis> (Araneae: Salticidae)

In experiments that comprised of three phases (fight, choice, and mating) under “seen” and “unseen” conditions, we examined the effects of the outcomes of male–male contests and female eavesdropping on female mate choice and male mating success in the fighting spider, Thiania bhamoensis (Salticidae). The results revealed female eavesdropping on agonistic interactions. Females that had watched an aggressive interaction showed no distinctive preference for the winner over the loser, but they preferred the loser when they had not observed a fight. Winners, however, achieved a greater mating success than did losers during the mating phase. Gaining access to females was based on the insistence of the winners in courtship in terms of the number of quivers, rather than on the fighting behavior of the males. Hence, the outcome of male–male contests may not be an important determinant of a male’s mating success in T. bhamoensis. Instead, courtship display plays an important role in determining the success of male mating in this species. This study also suggests that female mate preference may not be a good indicator of eventual female mate choice and male mating success. Thus, a causal relationship between female mate preference and male mating success cannot be inferred. Joanna P. Y. Chan, Pei Rong Lau, and Ai Jie Tham contributed equally.     

Impact of dissolved oxygen on the production of nitrous oxide in biological aerated filters

Polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) and microelectrode technology were employed to evaluate the Nitrous oxide (N₂O) production in biological aerated filters (BAFs) under varied dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations during treating wastewater under laboratory scale. The average yield of gasous N₂O showed more than 4-fold increase when the DO levels were reduced from 6.0 to 2.0 mg?L^–1, indicating that low DO may drive N₂O generation. PCR-DGGE results revealed that Nitratifractor salsuginis were dominant and may be responsible for N₂O emission from the BAFs system. While at a low DO concentration (2.0 mg?L^–1), Flavobacterium urocaniciphilum might play a role. When DO concentration was the limiting factor (reduced from 6.0 to 2.0 mg?L^–1) for nitrification, it reduced NO ₂ ^- -N oxidation as well as the total nitrification. The data from this study contribute to explain how N₂O production changes in response to DO concentration, and may be helpful for reduction of N₂O through regulation of DO levels.

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多菌群污水生物处理反应器中污泥分布的试验研究

在多菌群污水生物处理反应器处理城市污水的试验中,对反应器主反应区内水平中线及垂直中线上所布设取样点位的混合液悬浮固体(MLSS)、混合液挥发性悬浮固体(MLVSS)、污泥沉降比(SV30)及污泥容积指数(SVI)进行了检测分析。结果表明,MLSS与MLVSS分布趋势大致相同,在水平方向与垂直方向污泥浓度总体呈现大小交替型分布;SV30与SVI在水平方向总体呈现出周边大、中心小的非对称分布,而在垂直方向由上到下呈现出先增大后减小再增大的分布趋势。污泥浓度与污泥沉降性能的差异分布,对将反应器进水点分布在污泥浓度高值区域、污泥回流点布置在污泥浓度低值区域及出水点选定在污泥浓度较低且沉降性能较好区域有着重要的指导作用,为反应器的优化控制提供了理论依据。     

废裂化催化剂中镍去除的研究

本文采用浸取法,硫化氧化法,硫化氯化法工艺进行去除废裂化催化剂中镍的研究。并对各工艺的运行条件,去除效率及可行性进行了分析比较,为工业化再生利用废裂化催化剂提供了一科学依据。