有机无机肥长期配施对果园土壤碳库及温室气体排放的影响

有机肥的施用可以提高土壤总有机碳和活性有机碳含量,在改善土壤质量,提升土壤肥力方面有重要意义.设4个处理：不施肥（CK）、单施有机肥（M）、单施化肥（NPK）和有机无机肥配施（MNPK）,研究长期有机无机配施下土壤有机碳和其活性组分含量变化,分析不同施肥措施对温室气体排放的影响,并评估了土壤碳库管理指数的变化.结果表明,与CK处理相比,MNPK处理的土壤总有机碳（TOC）、微生物量碳（MBC）、可溶性有机碳（DOC）、易氧化有机碳（EOC）和颗粒有机碳（POC）含量分别增加了82.84%、66.30%、21.12%、93.28%和145.80%.NPK处理对土壤总有机碳和有机碳组分含量无显著差异.有机无机配施有利于提高土壤碳库活度指数（LI）、土壤碳库指数（CPI）和土壤碳库管理指数（CPMI）,LI和CPI的增加是CPMI增加的主要原因.相关分析表明土壤有机碳组分和CPMI与温室气体排放呈显著正相关关系;有机无机配施增加了CO₂累积排放量和增温潜势（GWP）,但却能够降低温室气体排放强度（GHGI）;MNPK处理产量最高,为56365 kg ·hm^-2,较CK处理（29073 kg ·hm^-2）提高了93.87%.因此,旱地苹果园有机无机肥配施,可促进有机碳的累积,稳定土壤碳库,更有利于果园的可持续发展.     

Carbon dioxide electroreduction into formic acid and ethylene: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Climate change damage induced by growing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions has rapidly fostered research on capturing, utilizing, and converting CO2 into valuable C1...     

山区机场高填方边坡工程实践与研究

在山区机场工程建设中,由于地形地貌的限制,高填方工程一般兼具有地形起伏较大,地质条件复杂,工程量巨大等特点,由此给山区机场带来一系列特殊性工程问题,尤其是高填方边坡工程的稳定性问题是目前机场研究的热点和难点。由于山区机场高填方边坡稳定性问题涉及影响因素较多,为便于分析,从变形机理和控制技术两方面对机场高填方边坡工程问题进行了深入研究。(1)变形机理方面,结合工程实践及对现有资料进行分析归纳,从填筑体下覆坡体结构、降雨及地下水、地震、填料特性、施工工艺等方面研究其对填方边坡稳定性的影响,重点提出了4类填筑体下覆坡体结构类型,并深入分析各类型的变形破坏特征。(2)变形控制技术方面:以"三面一体"控制论为核心,结合实例分析了土方平衡、地基处理及交接面加固、排水、支挡结构四个方面,对高填方边坡变形的控制效果。该研究可为我国山区机场高填方边坡变形机理的深入研究和控制技术的提高和改进提供参考和借鉴。     

北京西山国家森林公园中空气负离子浓度与气象因子的相关性研究

空气负离子(Negative air ions,NAI)是城市空气质量的重要指标之一,揭示城市森林释放NAI的影响机制,有助于充分利用NAI的净化作用及保健作用,并判断空气质量.利用北京西山国家森林公园2017年9月—2018年8月的NAI和气象数据,深入探究不同季节条件下和典型天气下影响空气负离子浓度(NAIC)的气...     

Catalytic activities of zeolite compounds for decomposing aqueous ozone

The advanced oxidation process (AOP), chemical oxidation using aqueous ozone in the presence of appropriate catalysts to generate highly reactive oxygen species, offers an attractive option for removing poorly biodegradable pollutants. Using the commercial zeolite powders with various Si/Al ratios and crystal structures, their catalytic activities for decomposing aqueous ozone were evaluated by continuously flowing ozone to water containing the zeolite powders. The hydrophilic zeolites (low Si/Al ratio) with alkali cations in the crystal structures were found to possess high catalytic activity for decomposing aqueous ozone. The hydrophobic zeolite compounds (high Si/Al ratio) were found to absorb ozone very well, but to have no catalytic activity for decomposing aqueous ozone. Their catalytic activities were also evaluated by using the fixed bed column method. When alkali cations were removed by acid rinsing or substituted by alkali-earth cations, the catalytic activities was significantly deteriorated. These results suggest that the metal cations on the crystal surface of the hydrophilic zeolite would play a key role for catalytic activity for decomposing aqueous ozone.     

燃煤催化剂的废弃物资源开发

介绍了燃煤催化剂的成份，说明其废弃物资源的丰富性，指出开发过程中应注意的事项。     

气溶胶水溶性无机物及有机物的离子色谱测定

利用离子色谱技术同时测定大气气溶胶中的水溶性有机物 (WSOC)与各种无机成分 ,检测出 1 2种无机离子 (F- ,Cl- ,NO-2 ,NO-3 ,SO2 -3 ,SO2 -4 ,PO3-4 ,Na ,NH 4,K ,Mg2 ,Ca2 )及 7种WSOC (甲酸、乙酸、甲磺酸、乙二酸、丙二酸、丁二酸、戊二酸 ) .该方法对无机离子的线性范围为 0 0 1— 1 0 0 0 μg·m- 3,有机物的线性范围为 0 0 0 5—1 0 μg·m- 3,相关系数除NH 4以外均高于 99 9% ,最低检测限为 0 0 0 0 1— 0 0 0 0 5 μg·m- 3,相对标准偏差为 0 43— 1 32 % .利用该技术 ,对北京市 2 0 0 1— 2 0 0 2年度大气PM2 5中水溶性物种的浓度水平进行了测定 .结果表明 ,北京市PM2 5中主要的水溶性组分为SO2 -4 ,NO-3 和NH 4,其浓度水平分别为 1 1 1 ,7 8和 6 2 μg·m- 3,各占PM2 5 质量的 1 0 6% ,7 4%及5 7% ,而WSOC的浓度水平为 0 0 1 1— 0 1 1 8μg·m- 3,占PM2 5质量浓度的 0 0 1— 0 1 % ,其中 ,乙二酸的浓度最高 ,其次为乙酸、丁二酸 ,丙二酸等 .     

基于ASM2的快速易生物降解COD组分表征方法构建

基于活性污泥2号模型（ASM₂）对快速易生物降解组分（S_S）进一步划分为可发酵的易生物降解有机物（S_F）和发酵产物（S_A）,本研究提出了一套科学的表征方法。该方法涉及S_S与X_S（慢速可生物降解组分）的好氧呼吸测量同时表征、S_A组分的离子色谱测定以及物料衡算。应用这套方法对重庆市某2个城市污水厂隔栅井出水水样平行进行了4组实验,各种组分测量值序列的CV值在2.09%～6.18%之间。     

Pollutant concentrations and pollution loads in stormwater runoff from different land uses in Chongqing

To investigate the distribution of pollutant concentrations and pollution loads in stormwater runoff in Chongqing,six typical land use types were selected and studied from August 2009 to September 2011.Statistical analysis on the distribution of pollutant concentrations in all water samples shows that pollutant concentrations fluctuate greatly in rainfall-runoff,and the concentrations of the same pollutant also vary greatly in different rainfall events.In addition,it indicates that the event mean concentrations (EMCs) of total suspended solids (TSS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from urban traffic roads (UTR) are significantly higher than those from residential roads (RR),commercial areas (CA),concrete roofs (CR),tile roofs (TRoof),and campus catchment areas (CCA);and the EMCs of total phosphorus (TP) and NH3-N from UTR and CA are 2.35-5 and 3 times of the class-III standard values specified in the Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB 3838-2002).The EMCs of Fe,Pb and Cd are also much higher than the class-III standard values.The analysis of pollution load producing coefficients (PLPC) reveals that the main pollution source of TSS,COD and TP is UTR.The analysis of correlations between rainfall factors and EMCs/PLPC indicates that rainfall duration is correlated with EMCs/PLPC of TSS for TRoof and TP for UTR,while rainfall intensity is correlated with EMCs/PLPC of TP for both CR and CCA.The results of this study provide a reference for better management of non-point source pollution in urban regions.     

大连湾海域营养盐时空分布、结构特征及其生态响应

基于2012年夏秋季大连湾海水中溶解态和不同粒级颗粒物中氮、磷、硅、叶绿素a的调查资料,对大连湾海水不同粒级颗粒物中营养盐和叶绿素a的时空分布特征进行了分析,对不同粒级浮游植物的营养要素组成及营养盐结构特征进行了探讨.结果表明,大连湾海水中溶解态营养盐、叶绿素a高值区主要出现在臭水套和甜水套湾附近海域,并由湾内向湾外递减,各粒级颗粒物中营养盐分布趋势存在着不一致性,但高值区易出现在西北部海域; 除无机氮外,海水中营养盐总体表现出秋季高于夏季,各粒级叶绿素a浓度表现为夏季高于秋季;磷是大连湾海水中浮游植物生长的限制元素,硅是不同粒级浮游植物营养盐的限制要素;微微型浮游植物对现有的营养结构更具适应性.