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21.
Sunil Kumar Ramamoorthy Mikael Skrifvars Ragunathan Alagar Naeem Akhtar 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2018,26(2):487-498
A number of attempts have been made to recycle cotton/polyester blend woven fabrics after use; however, most of these fabrics are disposed of in landfills. Major part of these blend fabrics are not recycled due to complexity of the fibre arrangement and cannot be separated economically. This study shows that these discarded woven fabrics could be directly used as reinforcements in composites without fibre separation. Uniform alignment in the woven fabric provided consistent properties to the composites. The fabrics were reinforced by soybean-based-bioresins to produce biocomposites. The composites were analysed for mechanical, thermal, viscoelastic and morphological properties. Porosity and wettability of the composites were also evaluated. Results demonstrate that the tensile strength and modulus of over 100 and 10 MPa, respectively, can be obtained without any fibre treatment. Furthermore, impact strength over 70 kJ/m2 was obtained without any chemical treatment on fibres. The porosity of the composites produced was less than 9 vol%. Additionally, the fabrics were treated with alkali in order to improve the fibre–matrix interface and the composite properties were studied. From the economical perspective, these composites can be produced at a low cost as the major component is available for free or low cost. 相似文献
22.
Butt Muhammad Qasim Zeeshan Nadia Ashraf Naeem Mahmood Akhtar Muhammad Aftab Ashraf Hina Afroz Amber Shaheen Aqsa Naz Shumaila 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(39):54842-54851
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Massive discharge of wastes produced by the processing of leather so far confers the most important environmental challenge facing the tanneries... 相似文献
23.
Azeem Waqas Ashraf Muhammad Shahzad Sher Muhammad Imtiaz Muhammad Akhtar Mumtaz Rizwan Muhammad Shahid 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(31):24376-24386
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Relations between phosphate and arsenate are important but inconsistent to influence arsenic (As) phytotoxicity depending on many plant and soil... 相似文献
24.
Mohammad Aslam Khan S. Akhtar Ali Shah 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》2011,24(6):629-644
South Asia is one of the most densely populated regions of the world, where despite a slow growth, agriculture remains the
backbone of rural economy as it employs one half to over 90 percent of the labor force. Both extensive and intensive policy
measures for agriculture development to feed the massive population of the region have resulted in land degradation and desertification,
water scarcity, pollution from agrochemicals, and loss of agricultural biodiversity. The social and ethical aspects portray
even a grimmer picture of the region with growing poverty mainly, amongst small farmers, food scarcity, and overall poor quality
of life. This article reviews the historical perspective of agriculture development in the region and gives a panoramic view
of the policy initiatives and their environmental as well as social and ethical spin-offs. The aim is to explore the environmental
and ethical dimensions of the agricultural development in South Asia and recommend a holistic approach in formulating plans
and programs to combat environmental degradation, hunger, and poverty resulting from unsustainable agricultural practices. 相似文献
25.
G. L. Rolfe M. A. Akhtar L. E. Arnold 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1978,14(5):1220-1226
ABSTRACT: Nutrient fluxes in precipitation, throughfall, and stemflow were studied in an oak-hickory forest in southern Illinois for a three-year period beginning in 1973. Nutrient inputs in these water related pathways were approximately one-half those of litterfall; a major nutrient return mechanism. Considering these water carried nutrients (116 kg/ha/yr), 38% was contributed by precipitation, 35% by throughfall and approximately 27% by stemflow. Although the total nutrient input is only one-half that of litterfall, the net impact on short-term nutrient requirements is considerable because of their immediate availability. Nutrient inputs in litter represent a delayed return mechanism because of the relatively slow decomposition process. 相似文献
26.
M. Humayoun Akhtar 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(2):365-367
Residues of some veterinary drugs in animals and foods FAO Food and Nutrition Paper 41/5 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome 1993. 177 + xiii pages. $20.00 soft cover. ISBN # 92–5–103288–2 相似文献
27.
A.J. Khan Kamal Swami Tanveer Ahmed A. Bari Akhtar Shareef Liaquat Husain 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(38):5989-5995
An improved chemical oxidation pretreatment method has been developed for the determination of elemental carbon (EC) [also known as black carbon (BC) or soot] in lake sediments, using a thermal–optical transmittance (TOT) carbon analyzer. The method employs six steps: (1) removal of carbonates by treatment with HCl; (2) removal of silicates by treatment with HF + HCl; (3) removal of any remaining carbonates by treatment with HCl; (4) removal of humic acids by treatment with NaOH; and (5) oxidation of kerogens by K2Cr2O7 + H2SO4. A critical step of zinc chloride treatment was added; this apparently changes EC's morphology and enhances retention on quartz fiber filter, resulting in several-fold increased chemical yield. EC was determined using the TOT method with modified combustion timings. Carbon black (acetylene) and four NIST standard reference materials (SRMs) were used for quality control, and to assess the precision of the analysis. The EC recoveries from 18 carbon black samples varied from 90 to 111%, with a mean value of 99 ± 6%. The high EC recoveries confirmed the validity of the method. Char reference materials (i.e. chestnut wood and grass char) were used to determine potential contribution to EC in our measurements. The char references containing about 700 mg total organic carbon (OC) contributed ~1.5% EC. The measured EC values from four NIST standards were 17.0 ± 0.6, 24.2 ± 3.2, 5.6, and 1.9 ± 0.1 mg gdw?1 for SRM-1648, SRM-1649a, SRM-1941b and SRM-8704, respectively. These values in SRMs were in agreement (<±4%) with the previously reported values. The method was applied to determine the EC in sediment cores from an urban lake and a remote mountain lake in the Northeastern United States. The EC concentrations in two lakes mimic the model EC emissions from the industrial revolution in United States. 相似文献
28.
Muhammad Furqan Akhtar Muhammad Ashraf Aqeel Javeed Aftab Ahmad Anjum Ali Sharif Mohammad Saleem Ghulam Mustafa Moneeb Ashraf Ammara Saleem Bushra Akhtar 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2018,190(3):179
Complex industrial discharges pose certain risks to the ecosystem. This study was aimed at identifying acute and sub-chronic toxicological effects of the textile industry wastewater. The textile wastewater was evaluated for the metals and organic pollutants by atomic absorption spectrophotometer and GC-MS respectively. In vitro genotoxicity and mutagenicity were assessed by Comet assay in peripheral lymphocytes isolated from Ovis aries and Ames test in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA-100 and 102 respectively. Physiological and behavioral changes along with systemic toxicity were determined in Rattus norvegicus albinus following acute and sub-chronic exposure. High amount of heavy metals such as Cr, Pb, Hg, As, and Cd were detected in textile wastewater. Organic pollutants such as 25-deacetoxy cucurbitacin-b, E-14-Hexadecenal, 11-Tricosene, and phthalates were also found. In vitro genotoxicity assessment in lymphocytes showed statistically significant DNA damaging potential of textile wastewater. Textile wastewater also showed significantly higher (p? 0.05) mutagenic potential in Salmonella TA-100 and TA-102 strains than sodium azide and 2-amino anthracycline. Acute exposure of textile wastewater to Rattus norvegicus was associated with several physiological changes and behavioral symptoms. Sub-chronic exposure of textile wastewater in Rattus norvegicus instigated the degeneration and necrosis of epithelial cells in renal tubules, hydropic degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes, peri-bronchiolar infiltration and emphysema of the alveoli, and the degradation of myocardial cells. This study concludes that the textile wastewater may cause genotoxicity and mutagenicity, result in physiological and behavioral changes upon acute exposure, and inflict various pathological lesions upon sub-chronic exposure. 相似文献
29.
Summary. Leaf disc choice and oviposition bioassays were used to examine the effects of larval experience with a Hoodia gordonii latex on subsequent behaviors. The latex deterred feeding and oviposition by “naïve” cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni, Noctuidae) larvae and moths with no previous exposure to the material. “Experienced” insects, reared on a diet with the H. gordonii latex (1000 ppm), exhibited lesser feeding deterrence relative to naïve insects. Experienced female moths actually preferred to lay eggs on treated rather than control leaves. There was no observed transfer of behavioral preferences from experienced parents to their offspring. Our results suggest that moths may be acquiring oviposition preferences from larval feeding experience as described by Hopkins’ host selection principal (HHSP) or through chemical legacy. 相似文献
30.
Ahmad I Siddiqui H Akhtar MJ Khan MI Patil G Ashquin M Patel DK Arif JM 《Chemosphere》2011,83(4):455-460
In this in vitro study we investigated the toxic responses in hepatocytes treated with occupational dust to which workers are exposed in bone-based industrial units. The present study investigated the toxicity mechanism of bone-based occupational dust, from a particular industrial unit, on isolated rat hepatocytes. The hepatocytes were isolated by collagenase perfusion method and cell viability was determined by trypan blue exclusion and MTT [3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay treated with occupational dust at 0.1-1.0 mgmL(-1), for 120 min. The cell viability decreased significantly in a concentration-dependent manner. Dust induced significant membrane damage measured by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glutathione (GSH) release in culture media for 30-, 60- and 120 min treatment duration. The toxicity was found to be correlated with the induction of lipid peroxidation (LPO). In addition, nitric oxide (NO), and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) generation by occupational dusts were also found to be time- and concentration-dependent. Over all the present study provides initial evidences for the toxic potential of occupational dust generated in bone-based industries and, therefore, the dust exposure to workers in unorganized industrial units should be controlled. 相似文献