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21.
This study examines the relationship between air pollution, social deprivation and health in the city of Leeds, UK under a baseline and three distance-based road user charging (RUC) scenarios set at 2 pence, 10 pence and 20 pence/km. Through application of a series of linked models of traffic, emission and pollutant dispersion, air quality was modelled in response to RUC scenarios. The pollutant modelled were NO(2), PM(10), CO, benzene and 1,3-butadiene, though results of NO(2) are used in this study. The RUC scenarios were compared with the 'base' scenario, all set for the year 2005. The RUC initiatives result in the differences in ambient concentrations of NO(2). The study correlates NO(2) concentrations with derived indices of social deprivation and health. The study concludes that positive but weak relationship exists between air quality and social deprivation, and indicates that deprived population groups are disproportionately exposed to higher NO(2) levels. The relationship between air quality and health status of the population is weak. There is a strong relationship between social deprivation and health status of the population. The study concludes that RUC scenarios result in reducing disparity between affluent and deprived populations. 相似文献
22.
Anil Kumar Misra 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2013,15(4):1049-1064
Conventional soil-aquifer treatment (SAT) systems comprise of natural lithological sections up to the depth of zone of saturation or dried aquifers, which through geopurification process recharge the aquifers using domestic or industrial wastewaters. Such SAT systems have low infiltration capacity and frequently face the clogging problems, which causes environment hazards in the local areas. Under this study, three artificial set of lithologies (Lithology I, Lithology II, and Lithology III) were generated without using soil. Each one meter set of lithology was generated within a transparent cylindrical pipe of diameter 15 cm. Each lithology was equipped with nonwoven geotextile and geogrid material at different levels and comprises of coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, coarse sand, medium sand, and fine sand. Use of geotextile material within the artificial lithology shows approximately 8–10 times enhancement in the filtration capacity of the tested lithologies. Municipal wastewater (after primary treatment) was used to test the Lithologies I, II, and III. Between 100–200 l of wastewater was passed through each set of lithology everyday for seven days. Different water quality parameters such as pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity, fluoride, total suspended solids, biological oxygen demand, dissolve oxygen and carbon oxygen demand, chloride, and manganese were analyzed before and after passing through the lithologies everyday. One meter set of artificial lithologies have successfully reduced the concentration of measured water quality parameters between 60 and 93 %, without clogging. Lithology III equipped with superficial fine sand layer and two set of nonwoven geotextile has successfully removed 70–93 % concentration of wastewater. This study aims to demonstrate that a SAT system equipped with geotextile and without soil is more effective then the prevailing SAT systems. Study also proposed designs of SAT systems, which can be formed at unfavorable sites using abundant dry wells in which artificial set of lithologies can be used. 相似文献
23.
Shabbirahmed Asma Musfira Haldar Dibyajyoti Dey Pinaki Patel Anil Kumar Singhania Reeta Rani Dong Cheng-Di Purkait Mihir Kumar 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(42):62785-62806
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Strategic valorization of readily available sugarcane bagasse (SB) is very important for waste management and sustainable biorefinery. Conventional SB... 相似文献
24.
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the recent behaviour of the US zinc processing industry and the impact of US government policies on it. The first section of the paper is a discussion on the basic structure and conditions of the US zinc processing industry since 1950 and how they have changed. The discussion contains a general presentation of the US zinc market, a detailed look at the behaviour of individual primary zinc processing plants in the USA, Canada, Japan and Western Europe and an analysis of US government policies and their impacts on the US zinc industry. The second section of the paper is a discussion of the factors that have contributed to the decline in US zinc processing capacity and the type of government policy that should be followed in response. 相似文献
25.
Prabhata K. Swamee Anil Kumar Misra Rohith P. Poyil Lokesh Choudhary Amandeep Kaur Sudheer Chintalapati 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2018,20(6):2623-2642
In this study using linear and nonlinear approach, aggregate indices for various water quality parameters were analyzed. Using a linear and nonlinear interpolating surface, various water quality variables at grid points were investigated that is essential for mapping. The values help in constituting a key approach for determining the water quality index (WQI), which converts pollutant concentration data into subindex values and then combines them into a single score. One of the biggest advantages of WQI is its summary and intuitive communication capability which will be extremely helpful for demarcating safe aquifer zones of groundwater and in the selection of suitable method for remedial. The present study also describes pollution potential in ground water of Madhya Pradesh, India. The aggregate indices suggest intermediate to high pollution susceptibility in some region of Madhya Pradesh that may increase further if not managed. The overall interpretation of the study will be helpful in formulating suitable approach for water quality interpretation and sustainable planning of groundwater resources. 相似文献
26.
27.
Diatoms of the microphytobenthic community in a tropical intertidal sand flat influenced by monsoons: spatial and temporal variations 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Seasonal variations in the microphytobenthic diatom community were investigated in an intertidal sand flat of a tropical marine
environment influenced by monsoons. Cores of sediments were collected along the beach gradient: low tide, mid tide and high
tide zone up to a depth of 15 cm.. Diatom abundance was lowest during the monsoons and highest during the post-monsoons and
the early pre-monsoon season throughout the intertidal transect. Diatom diversity was highest at the mid tide, followed by
the high and low tide zones. Diatoms were viable up to a depth of 15 cm throughout the intertidal transect. The diatom community
included the pennates, the permanent residents of this area, centric genera, which lead an attached mode of life and also
some planktonic genera, brought in from ambient waters. Among the pennates, Navicula and Amphora were the dominant genera whereas in the case of centrics, Thalassiosira dominated the community throughout the intertidal transect down to a 15 cm depth. . Grain size fractions, which served as
predictors of some diatom genera changed with tidal zones. The effect of winds on the resuspension of the pennate diatoms
was evident only at the low tide zone down to a depth of 5 cm . Chlorophyll a concentration proved to be a good predictor of both pennate and centric diatom abundance at the low tide zone down to a depth
of 10 cm and at the mid tide zone down to a depth of 5 cm.. However, even though chlorophyll a concentrations failed to reveal any positive correlation with the diatom abundance at both the deeper sediment layers and
the high tide zone, the fact that viable cells were present at these areas reveal that the diatoms adopt survival strategies,
contributing significantly to the carbon budgets of such unstable habitats. 相似文献
28.
Prakash A Bhattacharyya DR Mohapatra PK Mahanta J 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2005,26(4):719-723
Anopheles philippinensis-nivipes complex mosquitoes, captured in outdoor human landing catches and light traps in human dwellings from four different sites in Assam state and adjoining areas, were examined (n=1670) for the presence of circumsporozoite antigen (CSA) through enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), using species specific capture monoclonal antibodies, of Plasmodium falciparum and two Plasmodium vivax polymorphs (Pv 210 and VK 247). In ELISA, 28 pools were found positive for CSA that accounted for minimum sporozoite rate of 1.7% (95% CI 1.11-2.41). Twenty five percent (7/28) of the positive pools were reactive for P. falciparum and between the two polymorphs of P. vivax, VK 247 was predominant with 77% (20/26) of all P. vivax positive pools. Results were suggestive of most likely involvement of Anopheles philippinensis-nivipes complex mosquitoes in malaria transmission in north-east India. 相似文献
29.
Prakash A Bhattacharyya DR Mohapatra PK Mahanta J 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2002,23(1):95-100
Larval ecology of Anopheles dirus, the main vector of forest malaria in north-eastern region of India, was studied in relation to physico-chemical characteristics of its breeding habitats in a rain forest area of Assam, India. Shady stream side pools, positive for the breeding of An. dirus, had significantly higher amounts of total hardness (P < 0.024) in comparison to negative pools of similar type. When compared with An. dirus negative breeding habitats, in hot-wet as well as in cool-dry seasons, An. dirus positive shady ground pools showed higher mean values of total alkalinity, hardness and chloride content, whereas lower pH, dissolved oxygen along with higher total alkalinity and hardness were possessed by An. dirus positive stream side pools. Specificity of breeding habitats of An. dirus in relation to its ecology has been discussed. 相似文献
30.
Chetan A. Gaonkar Venkat Krishnamurthy Arga Chandrashekar Anil 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,168(1-4):179-194
Zooplankton abundance, biomass, and composition from the ports of Mumbai, India, were studied by selecting 14 stations in and around the area during three different periods between 2001 and 2002 (Nov 01, Apr 02, and Oct 02). The results are compared with the records available since the 1940s. Copepod species such as Canthocalanus sp., Paracalanus arabiensis, Cosmocalanus sp., Euterpina acutifrons, Nannocalanus minor, and Tortanus sp. which were not reported in the earlier studies were observed during the present investigation. Purely herbivorous forms like Nannocalanus minor, Paracalanus sp., and Temora discaudata were in reduced abundance during Apr 02 sampling which was coupled with reduction in the diatom population. Whereas increased abundance of some carnivorous and omnivorous forms during Apr 02 sampling can be related to the changes in the food web dynamics. 相似文献