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61.
Phytotoxicity of copper fungicides to guava fruits 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gaikwad AP Nimbalkar CA 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2005,26(1):155-156
The copper fungicides viz., Bordeaux mixture, stabilized Bordeaux mixture and copper oxychloride were found phytotoxic to guava fruits, while carbendazim, benomyl and mancozeb were non-phytotoxic. Bordeaux mixture was highly phytotoxic and caused heavy russetting, followed by stabilized Bordeaux mixture and then copper oxychloride. The higher concentrations of these fungicides were more toxic than their lower doses. Russetted fruits failed to attain normal size and thus reduced the quality of fruits to a greater extent. 相似文献
62.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different loading configurations on the WorldSID 50th percentile male dummy instrumented either with the Infra-Red Telescoping Rod for the Assessment of Chest Compression (IR-TRACC) or the RibEye? rib deflection measurement system.Methods: The optical sensors of the RibEye system were used to capture the multipoint deformation of the dummy at frontal and rearward off-center locations in addition to the center of the rib location. The experimental setup consisted of 2 types of loadings: Low severity and high severity. Low-severity loading was performed by deploying a fixture-mounted side airbag on the dummy and high-severity loading was achieved by deploying a driver front airbag mounted in a similar fashion. The low-severity condition aimed at deforming the dummy’s ribs locally at off-center locations where the RibEye light emitting diodes (LEDs) were positioned to capture the deformations at those locations. The high-severity condition aimed at loading the dummy at high speed in lateral and oblique directions similar to what is experienced by dummies in side impacts.Results: In the low-severity tests, the peak deflections, in terms of length change, were approximately 15–20?mm, whereas for the high-severity cases the peak deflections were in the range of 30–40?mm for both IR-TRACC and RibEye cases.Conclusions: For similar physical insults, dummies with the IR-TRACC and RibEye systems showed varying results for both length changes and the shoulder forces depending on the severity and direction of loading. Under purely lateral loading, the mid-length changes with the RibEye and the 1D IR-TRACC were comparable. In the oblique loading conditions, more differences were seen with the 2 systems depending on the impact direction. The shoulder forces consistently differed between the 2 systems. In the frontal oblique low-severity cases, the ribs pivoted along the spine end and the length change was not found to be a suitable parameter to quantify rib deformation in such loading scenarios. 相似文献
63.
Randhir K. Bharti Dolly W. Dhar Radha Prasanna Anil Kumar Saxena 《International Journal of Green Energy》2018,15(1):45-52
Generation of biodiesel from microalgae has been extensively investigated; however, its quality is often not suitable for use as fuel. Our investigation involved the evaluation of biodiesel quality using a native isolate Chlorella sorokiniana MIC-G5, as specified by American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), after transesterification of lipids with methanol, in the presence of sodium methoxide. Total quantity of lipids extracted from dry biomass, of approximately 410–450 mg g?1 was characterized using FTIR and 1H NMR. After transesterification, the total saturated and unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were 43% and 57%, respectively. The major FAMEs present in the biodiesel were methyl palmitate (C16:0), methyl oleate (C18:1), and methyl linoleate (C18:2), and the 1H NMR spectra matched with criteria prescribed for high-quality biodiesel. The biodiesel exhibited a density of 0.873 g cm–3, viscosity of 3.418 mm2 s?1, cetane number (CN) of 57.85, high heating value (HHV) of 40.25, iodine value of 71.823 g I2 100 g?1, degree of unsaturation (DU) of 58%, and a cold filter plugging point (CFPP) of –5.22°C. Critical fuel parameters, including oxidation stability, CN, HHV, iodine value, flash point, cloud point, pour point, density, and viscosity were in accordance with the methyl ester composition and structural configuration. Hence, C. sorokiniana can be a promising feedstock for biodiesel generation. 相似文献
64.
Ferhat Karaca Ismail Anil Omar Alagha 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(36):5713-5722
This paper evaluates possible long-range source contributions to the PM10 profile of Istanbul, Turkey. A novel method for classifying PM10 episodic events resulting from long-range transport, as opposed to local ones, was implemented. Hourly PM10 mass concentrations from ten stations distributed throughout Istanbul during the year 2008 were used for this purpose. Hourly backward trajectories for the arrival of air masses to the center of Istanbul for the year 2008 were calculated using the HYSPLIT (Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) model. Significant episodes from these backward trajectories were selected and employed in Potential Source Contribution Function (PSCF) analysis to estimate the possible contribution of long-range PM10 transport (LRPMT) to observed PM10 concentrations. The PSCF results showed significant seasonal variations. Based on the results obtained, PM10 concentrations observed in Istanbul during summer and autumn are not heavily affected by LRPMT. Mediterranean countries, especially those of the central part of northern Africa (northern Algeria and Libya) are the most significant potential PM10 contributors to Istanbul's atmosphere during springtime. During winter, Balkan countries, including the Aegean part of Turkey, Greece, Bulgaria, Serbia, and Croatia, as well as northern Italy, eastern France, southern Germany, Austria and the eastern part of Russia, were the most important LRPMT source regions for high PSCF values. 相似文献
65.
Rolando Quintana Anil Nair 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(1-2):3-14
This research introduces a proactive methodology for accident prevention, called Continuous Safety Sampling Methodology, by utilizing the principles of work sampling and control charting. Sampling is performed to observe the occurrence of conditions that may become hazardous in a given system. These conditions, known as dendritics, may become hazards and could result in an accident or occupational disease. Continuous Safety Sampling Methodology performs a random sampling for the occurrence of these dendritics. The collected data are then used to generate a control chart. Based on the pattern of the control chart, a system “under control” is not disturbed whereas a system “out of control” is investigated for potential conditions becoming hazardous. Appropriate steps are then taken to eliminate or control these conditions to maintain a desired safe system. 相似文献
66.
Shinde Ambika H. Sharma Ashwini Doshi Saksham Kumar Madhava Anil Haldar Soumya 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(36):54136-54149
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Reduced sulfur compounds are a nuisance in coastal industries causing heavy economical as well as ecological loss. One such compound, hydrogen... 相似文献
67.
Imposex related studies have used neogastropods as sentinel organism. In this effort, we elucidate the potential of a mesogastropod, Gyrineum natator, for imposex monitoring on the central west coast of India. Observations were made with specimens collected from Mumbai (three stations), Ratnagiri (two stations), Goa (one station) and Mangalore (one station). The analyzed populations at all four sites were affected by imposex. The six different stages of imposex in this organism are illustrated through schematic and scanning electron micrographs. In view of the anticipated ban on TBT based antifouling paints this baseline information can serve as an indicator for environmental monitoring in this region. 相似文献
68.
Although ubiquitous in the marine environment, the presence and importance of thraustochytrid fungoid protists in primary
film formation of freshly immersed surfaces in the sea have not been investigated. We isolated thraustochytrids from surfaces
of glass, aluminium, mild steel and fibre glass panels immersed in sea water for 1 to 4 d, but not from those of copper and
cupro-nickel. Microscopic examination of the primary film on glass surfaces revealed the presence of thraustochytrids. Thraustochytrids
grew to varying population densities on surfaces of glass, aluminium and fibre glass in the laboratory. Scanning electron
microscopy of the growth of Ulkenia profunda Gaertner, isolated from the primary film, on surfaces of glass and aluminium suggested that cells of the thraustochytrid
attached directly to the surfaces, without producing copious extracellular polysaccharides. The presence of ectoplasmic net
elements was not a prerequisite for attachment of cells to surfaces. Cell surface hydrophobicity of the thraustochytrid, as
estimated by the MATH assay, might play an important role in adhesion. The presence of thraustochytrid cells on a polystyrene
surface markedly induced settlement of barnacle larvae (Balanus amphitrite), as compared to barnacle extract and a control.
Received: 26 July 1999 / Accepted: 21 January 2000 相似文献
69.
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) have been documented along the coasts of India and the ill effects felt by society at large. Most of these reports are from the Arabian Sea, west coast of India, whereas its counterpart, the Bay of Bengal (BOB), has remained unexplored in this context. The unique characteristic features of the BOB, such as large amount of riverine fresh water discharges, monsoonal clouds, rainfall, and weak surface winds make the area strongly stratified. In this study, 19 potentially harmful species which accounted for approximately 14% of the total identified species (134) of dinoflagellates were encountered in surface waters of the BOB during November 2003 to September 2006. The variations in species abundance could be attributed to the seasonal variations in the stratification observed in the BOB. The presence of frequently occurring HAB species in low abundance (≤ 40 cell L(?-1)) in stratified waters of the BOB may not be a growth issue. However, they may play a significant role in the development of pelagic seed banks, which can serve as inocula for blooms if coupled with local physical processes like eddies and cyclones. The predominance of Ceratium furca and Noctiluca scintillans, frequently occurring HAB species during cyclone-prone seasons, point out their candidature for HABs. 相似文献
70.
In a monsoon-affected tropical estuary, oscillations in freshwater discharge during monsoon shifted the phytoplankton blooms from those adapted to low salinities to high salinities and vice versa. Salinity stratification during monsoon (onset and restart after an intermittent break) favored diatom (Skeletonema) bloom in low-saline surface waters. In high-saline, nutrient-rich bottom waters, Fragilariopsis (diatom) bloom was observed during onset of monsoon and persisted till the end of monsoon. The break period in monsoon altered the phytoplankton community leading to mixed species bloom of large-sized diatoms and harmful dinoflagellates (Gymnodinium catenatum and Cochlodinium polykrikoides) under high-saline, nutrient-poor, non-stratified, and transparent water column. Such variations in community should be considered for better understanding the biogeochemistry of monsoon-influenced tropical estuaries. The dominance of Skeletonema is determined positively by the extent of low-saline stratified condition whereas most of the observed taxa were favored by high-saline, nutrient-poor, and transparent waters. 相似文献