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排序方式: 共有136条查询结果,搜索用时 468 毫秒
81.
Baowen Lou Diego Maria Barbieri Marco Passavanti Cang Hui Akshay Gupta Inge Hoff Daniela Antunes Lessa Gaurav Sikka Kevin Chang Kevin Fang Louisa Lam Brij Maharaj Navid Ghasemi Yaning Qiao Solomon Adomako Ali Foroutan Mirhosseini Bhaven Naik Arunabha Banerjee Fusong Wang Andrew Tucker Zhuangzhuang Liu Kasun Wijayaratna Sahra Naseri Lei Yu Hao Chen Benan Shu Shubham Goswami Prince Peprah Amir Hessami Montasir Abbas Nithin Agarwal 《Ambio》2022,51(3):531
As largely documented in the literature, the stark restrictions enforced worldwide in 2020 to curb the COVID-19 pandemic also curtailed the production of air pollutants to some extent. This study investigates the perception of the air pollution as assessed by individuals located in ten countries: Australia, Brazil, China, Ghana, India, Iran, Italy, Norway, South Africa and the USA. The perceptions towards air quality were evaluated by employing an online survey administered in May 2020. Participants (N = 9394) in the ten countries expressed their opinions according to a Likert-scale response. A reduction in pollutant concentration was clearly perceived, albeit to a different extent, by all populations. The survey participants located in India and Italy perceived the largest drop in the air pollution concentration; conversely, the smallest variation was perceived among Chinese and Norwegian respondents. Among all the demographic indicators considered, only gender proved to be statistically significant.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13280-021-01574-2. 相似文献
82.
Elasticity of substitution is traditionally estimated while ignoring technical and allocative inefficiencies, which could bias the estimates. We estimate elasticity of substitution for Chinese energy-intensive sectors by incorporating these inefficiencies. The results show most of the sectors are low substitutes between input factors and stress important differences among energy-intensive sectors. Concerning the cross-price elasticity for energy, with respect to capital (labor), the sectors are mainly characterized by weak substitutability or complementary. These imply the production structure is quite rigid and capital cannot be so readily used as a substitute for energy. 相似文献
83.
Merlo R Wong J Occiano V Sandera K Pai A Sen S Jimenez J Parker D Burcham J 《Water environment research》2012,84(7):588-595
The results of a pilot study that was conducted to determine the total nitrogen removal by the reverse osmosis process are presented. The organic nitrogen removal rates are compared with removals observed from three full-scale reverse osmosis facilities and four pilot studies. The results of this analysis suggest that organic nitrogen removal is variable and that reverse osmosis may not consistently produce total nitrogen levels less than 1.0 mg/L without additional treatment. Three hypotheses to explain the variability in organic nitrogen removal in the different data sets are presented. 相似文献
84.
Tarun Gupta Anil Mandariya 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(8):5615-5629
The main objective of this atmospheric study was to determine the major sources of PM1 (particles having aerodynamic diameter <1.0 μm) within and near the city of Kanpur, in the Indo-Gangetic Plain. Day and night, 10 h long each, filter-based aerosol samples were collected for 4 months (November 2009 to February 2010) throughout the winter season. These samples were subjected to gravimetric and quantitative chemical analyses for determining water-soluble ions (NH4 +, F?, Cl?, NO3 ?, and SO4 2?) using an ion chromatograph and trace elements using an inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometer. The mean PM1 mass concentrations were recorded as 114?±?71 μg/m3 (day) and 143?±?86 μg/m3 (night), respectively. A significantly higher diurnal contribution of ions (NH4 +, F?, Cl?, NO3 ?, and SO4 2?) in PM1 mass was observed during the fog-affected days and nights throughout the winter season, for which the average values were recorded as 38.09?±?13.39 % (day) and 34.98?±?12.59 % (night), respectively, of the total PM1 mass. This chemical dataset was then used in a source-receptor model, UNMIX, and the model results are described in detail. UNMIX provided a maximum number of five source factors, including crustal material, composite vehicle, secondary aerosol, coal combustion, and iron/steel production and metallurgical industries, as the dominant air pollution sources for this study. 相似文献
85.
Tiku DK Kumar A Sawhney S Singh VP Kumar R 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,132(1-3):453-466
India has a large number of paper manufacturing units, with mills varying in size of operations and type of product, scattered
all over the length and breadth of the country. Present study deals with the survey of four different pulp and paper mills
(Mill A, Mill B, Mill C and Mill D) in India, differing in their scale of operation as well as raw material usage. Physico-chemical
characterization of wastewaters produced by different processing units like digestor house liquors, bleaching section, paper
machine backwaters, combined inlet to the ETP and outlet to ETP, for all the four mills, was conducted. Different parameters
like pH, Color, COD, BOD, percent Na, SAR, TDS and Total hardness were analyzed and compared. Highly significant differences
were thus found between all the processing units of all four mills with p values < 0.01. This evaluation showed that though these mills have effluent treatment facilities installed in their premises,
improvements are still needed to increase their efficiencies for treating the discharged wastewaters. 相似文献
86.
Horseshoe crabs act as moving substrata for simple to complex communities of small marine organisms. Amplexed adult pairs
migrate for breeding once every 2 weeks from deep waters towards nearshore waters during highest high tide. Female horseshoe
crabs bury themselves to the level of the lateral eyes to deposit eggs while the male crabs fertilize them. Subsequently eggs
are buried by the female. Tachypleus gigas (Müller) is the most abundant horseshoe crab species above available along the Orissa coast (India). Adults reach terminal
anecdysis once sexually mature and live with their carapace for 4 to 9 years. In spite of this, epibiosis is limited. In the
current investigation, differences in the epibiotic community (diatoms and macro-epibionts) present on horseshoe crabs, according
to gender, were evaluated, and the macro-epibiont population from different regions of the carapace was mapped. In general,
female horseshoe crabs harbored fewer epibionts than the males. Among the diatoms, Navicula spp., Nitzschia spp. and Skeletonema sp. were dominant in both sexes. However, the abundance and diversity of diatoms was greater on the carapaces of male crabs.
Among the macro-epibionts, the acorn barnacle (Balanus amphitrite Darwin) and encrusting bryozoan (Membranipora sp.) were the most dominant forms. Barnacles and bryozoans were greater in abundance in the “rough” zone (cardiopthalmic
region and anterior region of the opisthosoma). Mapping of the macro-epibionts from different regions of the carapace revealed
differential distribution in males and females. Such differentiated distribution of the macro-epibionts can be related to
factors such as changing habitat by the horseshoe crabs during breeding, mechanical abrasion and surface availability during
mating and nesting periods, requirements of epizootic larvae and surface properties of the carapace (wettability and roughness).
In the case of females, mechanical abrasion and surface availability played an important role in the epibiotic community structure
and distribution patterns. The surface wettability measurements indicated male carapace to be slightly more hydrophobic than
the female carapace. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the male carapace was comparatively rough compared to the
smooth carapace of females. A comparison of surface properties of the carapace indicated that the male carapace is more conducive
for epibiosis.
Received: 23 August 1999 / Accepted: 25 January 2000 相似文献
87.
Kumar Pawan Mahajan Ambrish Kumar Kumar Anil 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(9):9027-9027
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The correct presentation of Eq. 10 is shown in this paper. 相似文献
88.
89.
Climate change impact, mitigation and adaptation strategies for agricultural and water resources, in Ganga Plain (India) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Anil Kumar Misra 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2013,18(5):673-689
Agriculture consumes more than two-thirds of global fresh water out of which 90 % is used by developing countries. Freshwater consumption worldwide is expected to rise another 25 %by 2030 due to increase in population from 6.6 billion currently to about 8 billion by 2030 and over 9 billion by 2050. Worldwide climate change and variability are affecting water resources and agricultural production and in India Ganga Plain region is one of them. Hydroclimatic changes are very prominent in all the regions of Ganga Plain. Climate change and variability impacts are further drying the semi-arid areas and may cause serious problem of water and food scarcity for about 250 million people of the area. About 80 million ha out of total 141 million ha net cultivated area of India is rainfed, which contributes approximately 44 % of total food production has been severely affected by climate change. Further changing climatic conditions are causing prominent hydrological variations like change in drainage density, river morphology (tectonic control) & geometry, water quality and precipitation. Majority of the river channels seen today in the Ganga Plain has migrated from their historic positions. Large scale changes in land use and land cover pattern, cropping pattern, drainage pattern and over exploitation of water resources are modifying the hydrological cycle in Ganga basin. The frequency of floods and drought and its intensity has increased manifold. Ganga Plain rivers has changed their course with time and the regional hydrological conditions shows full control over the rates and processes by which environments geomorphically evolve. Approximately 47 % of total irrigated area of the country is located in Ganga Plain, which is severely affected by changing climatic conditions. In long run climate change will affect the quantity and quality of the crops and the crop yield is going to be down. This will increase the already high food inflation in the country. The warmer atmospheric temperatures and drought conditions will increase soil salinization, desertification and drying-up of aquifer, while flooding conditions will escalate soil erosion, soil degradation and sedimentation. The aim of this study is to understand the impact of different hydrological changes due to climatic conditions and come up with easily and economically feasible solutions effective in addressing the problem of water and food scarcity in future. 相似文献
90.
A field experiment was conducted at Anand Agricultural University, Anand during Sept-Dec, 2009 to study the rate of degradation of flubendiamide in/on brinjal fruits following foliar application of Fame 480 SC at 90 (standard dose) and 180 (double dose) g a.i. ha(?-1). The residues estimated using HPLC revealed persistence of flubendiamide in/on brinjal till 3rd and 7th day after the last spray at standard and double dose, respectively. The residues of flubendiamamde were reported as parent compound, and no desiodo metabolite was detected. The initial deposits of 0.17 and 0.42 μg g(?-1) in/on brinjal fruits reached below determination level of 0.05 μg g(?-1) on the 5th and 10th day at standard and double dose, respectively. The half life of flubendiamide on brinjal fruits ranged from 2.68 to 2.55 days. Soil samples analyzed on the 15th day after the last spray revealed residues at below determination level (0.05 μg g(?-1)) at either dose of application. 相似文献