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831.
T. Alshaal É. Domokos-Szabolcsy L. Márton M. Czakó J. Kátai P. Balogh N. Elhawat H. El-Ramady M. Fári 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2013,11(3):295-302
In 2010 the pond dam of an aluminium manufacturing plant in Hungary broke and flooded many towns with toxic red mud. At least 10 people were dead and over 150 hospitalized. Bauxite residue is often referred as red mud due to the colour of the bauxite ore and iron oxides. Red mud is separated during the refining process. The production of 1 t of alumina generally results in the creation of 1–1.5 t of red mud. Red mud is toxic for the environment due to high alkalinity, salinity and trace metals. Here, we used the plant Arundo donax L. (giant reed) to uptake trace metals and decrease salinity and pH of red mud. We measured plant toxicity, trace metal availability and biomass production. Results show a 25 % decrease in electrical conductivity of red mud and a 6 % decrease in electrical conductivity of mud-polluted soil. Giant reed cultivation decreases available Cd, Pb, Co, Ni and Fe. Biomass of giant reed seedlings in red mud and mud/control soil mixture was increased by 40.4 and 47.2 %, respectively, comparing with control soil. Our findings show that giant reed is promising to decontaminate soils contaminated by red mud. 相似文献
832.
Jessy Castellanos-Gell Aymée Robainas-Barcia Didier Casane Pedro Chevalier-Monteagudo Fabián Pina-Amargós Erik García-Machado 《Marine Biology》2012,159(7):1561-1565
Dispersal varies among species according to different biological and environmental factors. It is known that there is strong genetic division between the Ocean Surgeonfish (Acanthurus tractus) and the Barber Surgeonfish (Acanthurus bahianus) in the Caribbean and southern Atlantic biogeographic provinces with relation to the Amazon–Orinoco outflows. We analyzed cytb gene sequence diversity from 149 individuals collected at five localities around Cuba between October 2006 and February 2010. As expected, most individuals had haplotypes identical or closely related to those previously reported for the Caribbean. However, south Atlantic lineage haplotypes were also found in all surveyed localities with frequencies around 5 %. This finding suggests that A. bahianus has dispersed in recent times across the Amazon–Orinoco barrier, probably because environmental perturbations have aided dispersal. 相似文献
833.
László?Zsolt?GaramszegiEmail author Anders?Pape?M?ller 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2012,66(1):107-119
Hamilton and Zuk (Science 218:384–387, 1982) supported their influential hypothesis of parasite-mediated sexual selection based on a positive interspecific correlation
between the prevalence of blood parasites and the expression of male displays in birds. However, subsequent studies provided
mixed support for this relationship after considering several confounding factors. Here, we revisit this fundamental prediction
by refining the analyses through implementation of recent methodological advancements. First, we distinguish between prevalence
data obtained through microscopic and molecular tools, as PCR-based detection methods may be more sensitive for detecting
infection. Second, we use quantitative estimates of both acoustic and visual signals of males, in which color measurements
adopt the perspective of avian vision. Third, applying modern phylogenetic comparative approaches, we correct for phylogenetic
inertia as well as heterogeneity in sampling effort. Fourth, we distinguish between prevalence transition states, as we compare
species with and without evidence of infection and also monitor changes in parasite prevalence only in species in which blood
parasites are detected. We show that given the considerable variation among populations, the repeatability of prevalence at
the within-species level is modest. We failed to detect a strong interspecific relationship between the prevalence of blood
parasites and sexual traits. However, we found that an evolutionary increase from zero to non-zero prevalence is likely to
be accompanied by an increase in trait expression in males, but further increase from non-zero prevalence to a higher level
of infection tends to be associated with a reduced degree of trait elaboration. Our results provide some support to the Hamilton
and Zuk hypothesis, but the relationship between blood parasites and male displays varies among traits depending on degree
of infection. 相似文献
834.
Pistón M Silva J Pérez-Zambra R Dol I Knochen M 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2012,34(2):273-278
A multicommutated flow system was designed and evaluated for the determination of total arsenic and selenium by Hydride Generation
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (HG-AAS). It was applied to the determination of arsenic and selenium in samples of natural
and drinking water. Detection limits were 0.46 and 0.08 μg l−1 for arsenic and selenium, respectively; sampling frequency was 120 samples h−1 for arsenic and 160 samples h−1 for selenium. Linear ranges found were 1.54–10 μg l−1 (R = 0.999) for arsenic and 0.27–27 μg l−1 (R = 0.999) for selenium. Accuracy was evaluated by spiking various water samples and using a reference material. Recoveries
were in the range 95–116%. Analytical precision (s
r
(%), n = 10) was 6% for both elements. Compared with the Standard Methods, APHA, 3114B manual method, the system consumes at least
10 times less sample per determination, and the quantities of acid and reducing agent used are significantly lower with a
reduction in the generation of pollutants and waste. As an additional advantage, the system is very fast, efficient and environmentally
friendly for monitoring total arsenic and selenium levels in waters. 相似文献
835.
Plant diversity partitioning in Mediterranean croplands: effects of farming intensity, field edge, and landscape context 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Farmland biodiversity is affected by factors acting at various spatial scales. However, most studies to date have focused on the field or farm scales that only account for local (alpha) diversity, and these may underestimate the contribution of other diversity components (beta diversity) to total (gamma) farmland diversity. In this work, we aimed to identify the most suitable management options and the scale at which they should be implemented to maximize benefits for diversity. We used a multi-scale additive partitioning approach, with data on plant diversity from 640 plots in 32 cereal crop fields from three agricultural regions of central Spain that differed in landscape configuration. We analyzed the relative contribution to overall plant diversity of different diversity components at various spatial scales and how these diversity components responded to a set of local (application of agri-environment schemes [AES] and position within the field) and landscape (field size and landscape connectivity and composition) factors. Differences in species composition among regions and then among fields within regions contributed most to overall plant diversity. Positive edge effects were found on all diversity components at both the field- and regional scales, whereas application of AES benefited all diversity components only at the field scale. Landscape factors had strong influences on plant diversity, especially length of seminatural boundaries, which increased species richness at both the field and the regional scales. In addition, positive effects of percentage of nonproductive land-uses in the landscape were found on all diversity components at the regional scale. Results showed that components that contributed most to overall plant diversity were not benefited by current AES. We conclude that agri-environmental policies should incorporate and prioritize measures aimed at the maintenance of seminatural boundaries and patches of nonproductive habitats within agricultural landscapes, through landscape planning, cross-compliance, or high nature-value farmland programs. These options will help to conserve overall plant diversity at regional scales, as well as the spillover of plant species from such seminatural elements into crops, especially in Mediterranean areas that still harbor extensive farming and relatively complex landscapes. 相似文献
836.
József Vuts Till Tolasch Lorenzo Furlan éva Bálintné Csonka Tamás Felf?ldi Károly Márialigeti Teodora B. Toshova Mitko Subchev Amália Xavier Miklós Tóth 《Chemoecology》2012,22(1):23-28
The presence of geranyl octanoate, previously found in pheromone gland extracts of Agriotes lineatus females, was also demonstrated in gland extracts of A. proximus females. Similar to A. lineatus, geranyl butanoate was present only in trace amounts in A. proximus female gland extracts. In air entrainment samples of female A. lineatus and A. proximus beetles, the relative ratio of geranyl butanoate and geranyl octanoate was higher than that in gland extracts. In addition,
comparison of a segment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene of feral specimens of A. lineatus and A. proximus showed >99% similarity. Both pheromone profile and nucleotide sequence analysis delineate close relationship between the
investigated taxa and postulate taxonomic revision. Further studies on sympatric populations of A. lineatus and A. proximus are underway to investigate and better understand possible processes of species diversification. 相似文献
837.
Hipólito Amanda Caretta Talita de Oliveira Silveira Victória Akemi Itakura Bersaneti Gabrielly Terassi Mali Suzana Celligoi Maria Antonia Pedrine Colabone 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2021,29(10):3199-3209
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - Sophorolipids are glycolipid biosurfactants produced by the yeast Starmerella bombicola. They have great potential for application in the food industry due... 相似文献
838.
Bioavailability and accumulation of trace elements in soils and plants of a highly contaminated estuary (Domingo Rubio tidal channel,SW Spain) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Madejón P Burgos P Murillo JM Cabrera F Madejón E 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2009,31(6):629-642
The Domingo Rubio tidal channel (Palos de la Frontera, Huelva, Spain) is an estuary located in the mouth of the Tinto River.
The estuary is affected by different sources of pollution (waters of the Tinto River, contaminated with trace elements from
the Iberian Pyrite belt, and effluent from the Huelva chemical industrial area). Soil and the most frequent plant species
were collected in 2004 and 2006 at six different locations on the estuary. In general, N-Kjedahl, Total Organic Carbon values,
salinity and contamination (total trace elements up to 1,000 mg kg−1 As, 6 mg kg−1 Cd, 2,500 mg kg−1 Cu, 1,900 mg kg−1 Pb and 1,300 mg kg−1 Zn) tended to increase downstream of the tidal channel. Soil biochemical properties were not negatively affected either by
the high salinity or by trace element contamination. Despite the high values of the trace elements, analysed plant samples
showed that Cu was the only metal that could be a serious risk for the food chain. 相似文献
839.
Rita Hargitai Kathryn E. Arnold Márton Herényi József Prechl János Török 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2009,63(6):869-882
Offspring survival can be influenced by resources allocated to eggs, which in turn may be affected by the environmental factors
the mother experiences during egg formation. In this study, we investigated whether experimentally elevated social interactions
and number of neighbouring pairs influence yolk composition of collared flycatchers (Ficedula albicollis). Social challenge was simulated by presentation of a conspecific female. Experimental females spent more time near the cage
and produced eggs with higher androgen concentration, but local breeding density did not affect yolk androgen level. Moreover,
we found that females exposed to more intra-specific interactions and those that bred at higher density produced eggs with
smaller yolk. These females may be more constrained in foraging time due to more frequent social encounters, and there might
be increased competition for food at areas of higher density. In contrast, the present study did not reveal any evidence for
the effect of social environment on yolk antioxidant and immunoglobulin levels. However, we found that yolk lutein and immunoglobulin
concentrations were related to the female’s H/L ratio. Also, yolk lutein and α-tocopherol levels showed a seasonal increase
and were positively related to the female’s plasma carotenoid level. Mothers may incur significant costs by transferring these
compounds into the eggs, thus only females in good physiological condition and those that lay eggs later, when food is probably
more abundant, could allocate higher amounts to the eggs without compromising their defence mechanisms. Our results suggest
that environmental circumstances during egg formation can influence conditions for embryonic development. 相似文献
840.
Joan Navarro Lourdes López Marta Coll Claudio Barría Raquel Sáez-Liante 《Marine Biology》2014,161(7):1697-1707
Knowing the trophic ecology of marine predators is essential to develop an understanding of their ecological role in ecosystems. Research conducted on deep-sea and threatened shark species is limited. Here, by combining analyses of individual stomach contents and stable isotope values, we examined the trophic ecology (dietary composition and trophic position) of the kitefin shark Dalatias licha, a deep-sea shark considered as near threatened globally and as data deficient in the Mediterranean Sea. Results revealed the importance of small sharks in the diet of the kitefin shark at short- and long-term scales, although fin-fish, crustaceans and cephalopods were also found. Predation on sharks reveals the high trophic position of the kitefin shark within the food web of the western Mediterranean Sea. Stable isotope values from liver and muscle tissues confirmed our results from stomach content analysis and the high trophic position. 相似文献