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131.
Olga V. Polyakova Dmitry M. Mazur Albert T. Lebedev 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2014,12(3):419-427
Mass spectrometry is a major tool for analysing organic pollutants. However, scientists often complain about laborious sample preparation. The development of new commercial high-resolution mass spectrometers gives a chance to improve simultaneously speed, reliability, and sensitivity of the analysis. Here, we used the time-of-flight high-resolution mass spectrometer Pegasus GC-HRT to identify and quantify 55 priority organic pollutants in water samples. This mass spectrometer has a high resolution of 50,000, a high mass accuracy of about 1 ppm and a very high acquisition rate of up to 200 full mass range spectra per second. 1 mL water samples were extracted with 1 mL dichloromethane. Results show that the sample preparation and analysis are achieved 30 times faster, requiring 1,000 times less water and 350 times less solvent than the classic 8270 method of the United States Environmental Protection Agency. The detection limit is 1 μg/L. The quantification limit is 10 μg/L. Our procedure, named accelerated water sample preparation, is simpler, faster, cheaper, safer and more reliable than 8270 Method. 相似文献
132.
Aude Zingraff-Hamed Frank Hüesker Christian Albert Mario Brillinger Joshua Huang Gerd Lupp Sebastian Scheuer Mareen Schltel Barbara Schrter 《Ambio》2021,50(8):1610
Nature-based solutions (NBS) for mitigating climate change are gaining popularity. The number of NBS is increasing, but research gaps still exist at the governance level. The objectives of this paper are (i) to give an overview of the implemented NBS for flood risk management and mitigation in Germany, (ii) to identify governance models that are applied, and (iii) to explore the differences between these models. The results of a hierarchical clustering procedure and a qualitative analysis show that while no one-size-fits-all governance model exists, polycentricism is an important commonality between the projects. The study concludes by highlighting the need for further research on traditional governance model reconversion and paradigm changes. We expect the findings to identify what has worked in the past, as well as what is important for the implementation of NBS for flood risk management in future projects.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s13280-020-01412-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
133.
Alejandro Ibáñez José Martín Alfonso Marzal Albert Bertolero 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2017,104(5-6):49
Many chelonians have colourful dots, patches and stripes throughout their body that are made up, at least in part, of carotenoids. Therefore, turtles are very suitable models to study the evolution and functionality of carotenoid-based colouration. Recent studies suggested a close link between colouration and immune system in these taxa. However, more research is needed to understand the role of these colourful stripes and patches in turtle visual signalling. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between growth rate and colouration in European pond turtles. In particular, we wanted to answer the question of whether there is a trade-off between growth and colour expression. We also aimed to explore the effect of body size and age on colour variation. Turtles from a reintroduction-breeding program were recaptured, weighed and measured over an 8-year period to estimate their growth rates and age. We also measured with a spectrometer the reflectance of colour patches in two different body parts: shell and forelimb. We found that turtles with a faster growth rate had brighter limb stripes independently of their age. On the other hand, shell colouration was related to body size with larger turtles having brighter shell stripes and higher values of carotenoid chroma. Our results suggest that fast-growers may afford to express intense colourful limb stripes likely due to their higher intake of carotenoids that would modulate both growth and colour expression. However, shell colouration was related to body size probably due to ontogenetic differences in the diet, as juveniles are strictly carnivorous while adults are omnivorous. Alternatively, shell colouration might be involved in crypsis as the shell is visually exposed to predators. 相似文献
134.
Fatima Khasaeva Natalia Vasilyuk Petr Terentyev Maria Troshina Albert T. Lebedev 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2011,9(3):439-445
Environmental pollution has become one of the most crucial problems of the modern society. Pyridine and its derivatives are
one of the most widespread classes of heterocyclic industrial contaminants. Due to rather tough safe levels, thorough purification
of the waste waters containing these ecotoxicants is required. However the existing chemical methods are not efficient. On
the contrary, microbiological approach seems quite promising. A new strain degrading alkylpyridines was isolated from the
soil contaminated with pyridine containing wastes. The strain was identified as Arthrobacter sp. KM-4 (VKM Ac-1098D). The strain completely consumes pyridine (2.5 g/l), 2-methylpyridine (2.5 g/l), 4-methylpyridine
(1.5 g/l) and 2,6-dimethylpyridine (3 g/l) in aquatic solutions in 24 h. The intermediate products of the biodegradation process
were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Degradation schemes were proposed for pyridine and 2-methylpyridine.
Previously unknown pathway of pyridines microbial degradation via intermediate formation of pyrrolidines was reliably proved
by mass spectra and following synthesis of the identified compounds. New culture significantly surpasses all the known strains
in the pyridines’ degrading efficiency. Arthrobacter sp. KM-4 is a promising culture for application for the purification of waste water. 相似文献
135.
During the last few years in the Netherlands an integrated environmental policy has been developed. Solving environmental problems by means of effective and efficient solutions requires that the entire environmental cycle be considered in order to take all relevant compartments and aspects into account. Four different phases can be identified during the treatment of an environmental problem by management: recognition, formulation, solution, and control.Some qualitative and quantitative aspects of the information demand of environmental policy are explored. Special attention is given to the consequences of the integral approach in environmental policy in terms of information requirements. The process of information supply starts with an analysis of the demand. Subsequently data from the environmental cycle have to be selected, aggregated, and presented adequately. Further, integrated environmental policy puts increased demands on the associative power of environmental information systems. 相似文献
136.
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138.
The content of polychlorinated biphenyls in Mexican cereals and in their packaging materials was determined. All the samples had polychlorinated biphenyls. In all the food samples and in 73% of the packings, the concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls exceeded the tolerance limits established by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. A correlation was found between the values for polychlorinated biphenyls in the cereals and those in their packings, therefore, it is concluded that the main source of polychlorinated biphenyls in Mexican cereals is the transference of those present in the recycled paperboard used for the packings. 相似文献
139.
Albert C. F. Lam Daniel H. C. Chan Tony M. F. Tong Mary H. Y. Tang Steven Y. F. Lo Ivan F. M. Lo Stephen T. S. Lam 《黑龙江环境通报》2006,26(11):1018-1020
We present the first confirmed case by molecular analysis of a metaphyseal chondrodysplasia, McKusick type, in a 22-week fetus. Two novel compound heterozygous mutations, 64T> A and 79G > T, were found in the highly conserved regions of the RMRP gene. Twenty-two heterozygous g.1018 T> C mutations, two homozygous g.1018 T> C mutations, two heterozygous insertion mutations g.799_g.800insC and one heterozygous insertion mutation g.849_g.850insT were found among 100 normal controls. Careful radiological examination of the fetus for skeletal dysplasia allowed definitive diagnosis, proper genetic counselling and future prenatal diagnosis. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
140.
Juliane Straube Jill Manteufel Janin Heinze Karsten Fehlhaber Uwe Truyen Thiemo Albert 《Food and environmental virology》2010,2(2):74-82
Since highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 emerged in 1997, avian influenza is considered one of the most important
infectious diseases globally. In respect of virus transmission to humans, the consumption of raw poultry products remains
of serious concern. In this study, data about survival time and inactivation kinetics of two low pathogenic avian influenza
virus (AIV) strains (H3N8, H5N6) in short fermented raw sausage were obtained. In addition, the impact of the preserving factors
d,l-lactic acid and sodium chloride on virus infectivity was evaluated through in vitro studies. Virus infectivity was confirmed
in embryonated chicken eggs. Inactivation of H3N8 was seen in d,l-lactic acid solutions (0.15 and 0.20%, pH 4.40–4.70 and pH 3.80–3.91) at both temperatures (20 vs. 4°C) during 3 days of
exposure. However, infectious virus particles could still be detected after exposure to 0.1% d,l-lactic acid (pH 5.80–5.99). In all NaCl solutions (2, 6 and 12% w/v), infectivity of the H3N8 strain decreased steadily but
reduction of the virus titre increased significantly with higher temperature. In raw sausages, decline in virus titre was
observed for both strains during ripening and storage. Thereby, decline of virus infectivity was dependent on time and temperature
with a more marked effect at higher temperatures (22 vs. 7°C). At refrigeration (7°C), both viruses maintained infectivity
over 14 days. Results indicate that appropriate processing of short fermented raw poultry sausage is likely to reduce risk
of virus exposure due to adequate inactivation of AIV during ripening and storage. 相似文献