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61.
We investigated the physiological plasticity and environmental tolerance of two phylogenetically closely related, ecologically
similar and co-occurring species of supralittoral amphipods differing drastically in the size of their geographical ranges.
A series of physiological traits were characterised for the Corsican-endemic Talorchestia ugolinii Bella-Santini and Ruffo and the widespread Talitrus saltator Montagu. The effect of body mass, temperature and salinity on heart rate (used as proxy for metabolic activity and stress),
the effect of temperature on oxygen consumption and the tolerance to salinity exposure were investigated in both species,
together with the characterisation of haemolymph osmoregulation in T. ugolinii. Our results showed that there is a clear difference in the resting metabolic rates and physiological capacity, as well as
environmental tolerance, between T. saltator and T. ugolinii, with T. saltator overall showing a broader physiological niche. Although T. ugolinii showed a relatively good ability to regulate its haemolymph osmotic concentration (similar to that previously described for
T. saltator), it demonstrated a lower tolerance to exposure to hypo-osmotic stress. In addition, a consistent picture emerged between
the ability to control the cardiac function and the capacity to actively respond to osmotic stress. The physiological findings
are discussed in relation to the known ecology and geographical distribution of T. ugolinii. 相似文献
62.
Pereira FA de Assunção JV Saldiva PH Pereira LA Mirra AP Braga AL 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2005,55(1):83-87
To evaluate the possible influence of air pollutants on the incidence of respiratory tract neoplasm we studied 12 S?o Paulo City districts where air pollution is observed. We collected data on pollutants from 1981-1990 and correlated it with the incidence of larynx and lung neoplasms in 1997. Ozone was the pollutant that best correlated with the incidence of neoplasm. The correlation coefficients were 0.7234 (p=0.277) and 0.9929 (p=0.007) for lung and larynx cancer, respectively. There may be a relationship between air pollution and the incidence of respiratory tract neoplasm. This study, however, does not allow us to conclude that there is a causal relationship. 相似文献
63.
Gomez Mario Alberto Ma Xu Chen Yiwen Wang Shaofeng Pollastri Simone Aquilanti Giuliana Cui Yubo Yao Shuhua Xiao Tangfu 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2023,21(5):2519-2523
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Wastewater from the uranium mining industry contains toxic arsenate (AsO43–), selenate (SeO42–), and molybdate (MoO42–) that can be removed by... 相似文献
64.
Mimi H. Hassim Alberto L. Pérez Markku Hurme 《Process Safety and Environmental Protection》2010,88(3):173-184
Fugitive emissions are not an environmental concern alone, but are also a health concern. From occupational health standpoint, fugitive emissions are the main sources of origin of the continuous exposure to workers. Operating plants regularly measure release and concentration levels through a plant-monitoring program. However, for processes which are still ‘on paper’, predictive estimation methods are required. Therefore, three methods for estimating concentration of the fugitive emissions are presented for the process development and design phases of petrochemical processes. The methods estimate the fugitive emission rates and plant plot dimensions resulting to fugitive emission concentrations. The methods were developed for the type and amount of information available in three process design stages; conceptual design, preliminary process design, and detailed process design. The methods are applied on a real benzene plant; the estimated benzene concentrations are compared to the actual concentration measured at the plant. The results show that as the information mounts up during design, the concentration estimate becomes more accurate. The results indicate that the methods presented provide simple estimates of fugitive emission-based concentrations during the design stages. 相似文献
65.
René Beamonte-Barrientos Alberto Velando Roxana Torres 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2014,68(1):115-126
Understanding the mechanisms mediating age-dependent reproductive effort in wild animals is a major challenge in evolutionary ecology. The acquisition of molecules able to deter somatic damage could potentially improve reproductive performance, especially in physiologically compromised individuals. Carotenoids are antioxidants and immunoenhancers that animals can only obtain through diet. We tested in male blue-footed boobies whether carotenoid supplementation during incubation improves condition and reproductive performance, particularly of older males. Old birds showed lower levels of peroxidative damage than middle-aged males; however, changes of males' antioxidant capacity and peroxidative damage were not affected by carotenoid supplementation irrespective of age. Experimental old males displayed more colourful feet than control old males after 13 days of first carotenoid supplementation. The effect of carotenoids on male reproductive performance was dependent upon age: young males receiving extra-carotenoids produced chicks with smaller growth rates than control young males, whereas old males receiving extra-carotenoids produced chicks with higher growth rates than control old males. Our results highlight that carotenoids influence the relationship between age and reproductive performance and suggest a positive effect of carotenoids on reproduction of old males. 相似文献
66.
Miguel Costa Leal Patricia N. Pochelon Teresa Lopes da Silva Alberto Reis Rui Rosa Ricardo Calado 《Marine Biology》2013,160(4):763-772
Offspring quality of decapod crustaceans has been widely studied, with special emphasis on the sources of variability determining embryonic and larval quality. Nevertheless, maternal provisioning has commonly been overlooked as a potential source of offspring within-brood variability. In the present study, the existence of variable maternal provisioning was assessed through the analysis of the fatty acid (FA) profile of newly extruded embryos from different regions of the brooding chamber of Homarus gammarus. Significant differences in the FA profile of embryos sampled from different pleopods and sides of the brooding chamber were recorded. Significant deviations of the overall mean of each surveyed female were also observed for essential FA, particularly 20:4n-6, 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3. Lipid energy available to fuel embryogenesis also varied among embryos sampled from different regions of the brooding chamber. Results suggest variable female investment at oocyte production, which may be amplified during the incubation period of developing embryos by differential lipid catabolism. For the first time, maternal provisioning is evidenced as an additional source for within-brood variability in the FA profile of embryos. 相似文献
67.
How consumers might switch from gasoline and diesel to alternative energy sources is not known, since the availability of alternatives is currently very limited. To bridge this gap, we exploit exogenous variation in ethanol prices at Brazil's pumps and uncover substantial consumer heterogeneity in the choice between long-established gasoline and an alternative that is similarly available and usable: sugarcane ethanol. We observe roughly 20% of flexible-fuel motorists choosing gasoline when gasoline is priced 20% above ethanol in energy-adjusted terms ($/mile) and, similarly, 20% of motorists choosing ethanol when ethanol is priced 20% above gasoline. We use transaction-level data to explore “non-price” characteristics which differentiate the two goods in the minds of different groups of consumers. Our findings suggest—and a counterfactual illustrates—that switching away from gasoline en masse, should this be desired, would require considerable price discounts to boost voluntary adoption, in the US and elsewhere. 相似文献
68.
María Oliveira Rosa M. Crujeiras Alberto Rodríguez-Casal 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2013,20(1):1-17
The goal of this work is to introduce nonparametric kernel methods for density and regression estimation for circular data, and illustrate their use by a brief simulation study and real data application. Apart from supplying practitioners with a license free and easy to run code for the use of these methods, our aim is also to provide solutions to practical problems that may be encountered in their application. The real data examples belong to the International Polar Year project, concerned with the environmental change in the polar regions. 相似文献
69.
Judith?MoralesEmail author Roxana?Torres Alberto?Velando 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2012,66(1):135-143
In evolutionary biology, whether parents should enhance or reduce parental care according to mate ornamentation is a subject
of great debate. However, the evolution of female ornaments can shed light on this question. In theory, female ornamentation
should be traded off against fecundity and thus cannot be wholly informative to males without a direct indication of fecundity.
Hence, direct cues of offspring quality should affect the relationship between male investment and female ornamentation. Under
this hypothesis, we manipulated two direct cues of offspring quality (egg size and color) after first egg laying in the blue-footed
booby and registered male incubation patterns. In this species, foot color is a dynamic signal of current condition and in
females is traded off with egg size. We found that males spent more time incubating when paired with dull females but only
in nests with large eggs. Males also spent less time incubating small dull eggs. Results indicate that egg size, a direct
cue of reproductive value, affected the relationship between male effort and female ornamentation. Males may be willing to
help females that have invested in offspring at the expense of ornamentation, which suggests compensation when females are
in low condition. Another possibility is that males relax their effort when paired with highly ornamented and fecund females
because they have high parenting abilities. Our findings suggest that the information conveyed by female ornaments may depend
on direct cues of fecundity. Results also highlight that parental decisions are complex, modulated by a combination of information
sources. 相似文献
70.
Gabriel Núñez-Antonio Manuel Mendoza Alberto Contreras-Cristán Eduardo Gutiérrez-Peña Eduardo Mendoza 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2018,25(4):471-494
The study of the interaction among species is an active area of research in Ecology. In particular, it is of interest to evaluate the overlap of their ecological niches. Temporal activity is one of the niche’s axes most commonly used to explore ecological segregation among animal species, and many contributions focus on the overlap of this variable. Once the information of the temporal activity is obtained in the wild, the data is treated as a random sample. There exist different methods to estimate the overlap. Specifically, in the case of two species, one possibility is to estimate the density of the temporal activity of each species and then evaluate the overlap between these density functions. This leads naturally to the analysis of circular data. Most of the procedures currently in use impose some rather restrictive assumptions on the probabilistic models used to describe the phenomena, and only provide approximate measures of the uncertainty involved in the process. In this article, we propose a Bayesian nonparametric approach which incorporates a well-defined noninformative prior. We take advantage of the data structure to define such a prior in terms of the predictive distribution. To the best of our knowledge, this is a novel approach. Our procedure is compared with a well-known method using simulated data, and applied to the analysis of real camera-trap data concerning two mammalian species from the El Triunfo biosphere reserve (Chiapas, Mexico). 相似文献