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391.
Calvo-Iglesias MS Fra-Paleo U Crecente-Maseda R Díaz-Varela RA 《Environmental management》2006,38(6):921-933
The aim of this work is the analysis of the dynamics in cultural landscapes, focused on the spatial distribution of changes
in land cover and landscape patterns, and their possible linkages. These dynamics have been analyzed for the years 1957 and
2000 in a sector of the north of Galicia (NW Spain) characterized with diverse landscapes. Afforestation processes linked
to agriculture abandonment and forestry specialization were the main processes observed in the study area, with the exception
of the southern mountainous sector that was dominated by ploughing of scrubland for conversion into grassland, reflecting
a specialization in livestock production. The structural changes that have taken place in most of the study area were related
to the heterogeneity aspects, although the mountainous sectors were characterized by changes in heterogeneity and fragmentation.
According to the tests performed, the comparison of the spatial distribution of both dynamics showed a certain statistical
significance, reflecting the interrelationship between patterns and processes. This approach could be useful for the identification
of areas with similar characteristics in terms of spatial dynamics so as to define more effective and targeted landscape planning
and management strategies. 相似文献
392.
Afonso Tiago Lopes Marques António Cardoso Fuinhas José Alberto 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2021,23(9):13569-13589
Environment, Development and Sustainability - An energy transition is currently underway around the world, in response to the objectives laid out by international agreements. Since the Kyoto... 相似文献
393.
The onset and development of symptoms of three Sambucus species, S. ebulus, S. nigra and S. racemosa were studied in 2002 under three different experimental conditions, in charcoal filtered air (CF), and in two ozone enriched
treatment: non filtered air plus 40 ppb ozone (NF+), and non filtered air plus 70 ppb ozone (NF++). The herb S. ebulus was more sensitive than the shrubs S. racemosa and S. nigra. Some plants of the three species showed visible injury below the AOT40 threshold of 10,000 ppb·h, established for protection
of vegetation. Ozone produced a decrease in chlorophyll content in S. ebulus, and impaired both stomatal conductance and net photosynthesis in S. ebulus and S. nigra. A complementary study in 2004 with S. ebulus, confirmed a decrease in chlorophyll content after fumigation, associated to a decrease in N content of the leaves. Since
S. ebulus is a widespread species in Europe and it is very sensitive to ozone, it could be a very appropriate plant for the biomonitoring
studies across large areas in this continent. 相似文献
394.
Cadle SH Ayala A Black KN Fulper CR Graze RR Minassian F Murray HB Natarajan M Tennant CJ Lawson DR;Coordinating Research Council 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2007,57(2):139-145
The Coordinating Research Council held its 16th workshop in March 2006, with 83 presentations describing the most recent mobile source-related emissions research. In this paper, we summarize the presentations from researchers who are engaged in improving our understanding of the contribution of mobile sources to air quality. Participants in the workshop discussed evaluation of in-use emissions control programs, effects of fuels on emissions, emission models and emission inventories, results from gas- and particle-phase emissions studies from spark-ignition and diesel-powered vehicles, and efforts to improve our capabilities in performing on-board emissions measurements, as well as topics for future research. 相似文献
395.
Ferretti M Bussotti F Calatayud V Schaub M Kräuchi N Petriccione B Sanchez-Peña G Sanz MJ Ulrich E 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2007,145(3):652-655
Monitoring of forest condition and ozone (O3) at 83 sites in France, Italy, Luxenbourg, Spain and Switzerland resulted in a number of findings in relation to the knowledge of O3 exposure (concentration and cumulative AOT40), feasibility of the assessment of stomatal O3 flux and relationships between O3 and crown defoliation of beech and visible symptoms on native vegetation. However, the project provides evidence of issues to be addressed within the current monitoring system (data quality, validation sites and response indicators) and indications as to how the monitoring of O3 risk in the context of an effect-oriented monitoring program can be improved. 相似文献
396.
Furlan CM Moraes RM Bulbovas P Domingos M Salatino A Sanz MJ 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2007,147(3):691-695
Psidium guajava 'Paluma' saplings were exposed to carbon filtered air (CF), ambient non-filtered air (NF), and ambient non-filtered air+40ppb ozone (NF+O(3)) 8h per day during two months. The AOT40 values at the end of the experiment were 48, 910 and 12 895ppbh(-1), respectively for the three treatments. After 5 days of exposure (AOT40=1497ppbh(-1)), interveinal red stippling appeared in plants in the NF+O(3) chamber. In the NF chamber, symptoms were observed only after 40 days of exposure (AOT40=880ppbh(-1)). After 60 days, injured leaves per plant corresponded to 86% in NF+O(3) and 25% in the NF treatment, and the average leaf area injured was 45% in NF+O(3) and 5% in the NF treatment. The extent of leaf area injured (leaf injury index) was explained mainly by the accumulated exposure of ozone (r(2)=0.91; p<0.05). 相似文献
397.
Ozone and forests in South-Western Europe 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ferretti M Bussotti F Calatayud V Sanz MJ Schaub M Kräuchi N Petriccione B Sanchez-Peña G Ulrich E 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2007,145(3):617-619
The paper provides basic information about background, objectives and structure of O3SWE (Ozone at the permanent monitoring plots in South-Western Europe), an international co-operative project aimed at evaluating O3 concentrations, cumulative exposure, uptake and effects on forest vegetation in four countries of South-Western Europe (France, Italy, Luxenbourg, Spain and Switzerland). The project covers a total of 83 permanent plots of the EU and UN/ECE intensive forest monitoring programme and span over three years of investigation (2000-2002). The O3SWE project aims to demonstrate how, using data collected routinely in an intensive forest monitoring network, O3 exposure, flux and effects can be assessed and exceedances critically evaluated. 相似文献
398.
Records of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in sediments of four remote Chilean Andean Lakes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Pozo K Urrutia R Barra R Mariottini M Treutler HC Araneda A Focardi S 《Chemosphere》2007,66(10):1911-1921
Sediment cores from four Chilean lakes along the Andes Chain (Chungará, Laja, Castor and Venus) were analysed in order to investigate PCB concentrations and distributions in sediment samples. Sediment cores were analysed for PCBs using gas chromatography (GC-ECD/MS) and radioisotopically dated using 210Pb. Organic carbon content (OC) and 210Pb fluxes were also measured. Results showed that sediment PCB concentrations (ngg(-1) d.w.) at Lake Chungará (1.2 +/- 1) in northern Chile, Laja (5 +/- 4) in central, and in Lake Castor (3.5 +/- 4) in southern Chile (the eastern side of the Andes Mountain) were lower than sediments collected from Lake Venus (64 +/- 30) located in southern Chile (the western side) which contained 15-fold higher concentrations of PCBs. The percentage (%) of organic carbon was variable and showed a high range of values in the sediment fluctuating from 2% (Lake Laja) to 22% (Lake Chungará). Analysis of 210Pb fluxes, presented a decrease trend following Lake Laja>Castor>Chungará with a positive correlation with rainfall at each site. Sedimentation rates in Lake Castor (1846 gm(-2)yr(-1)) were higher than at Chungará (748 gm(-2)yr(-1)) and Lake Laja (508 gm(-2)yr(-1)). Focusing factor (FF) is used as a tool to elucidate PCB input in the aquatic ecosystem. FF were lower (<1) for the shallower lakes (Lakes Chungará and Castor). This study provides background levels of PCBs at remote lakes in Chile. Differences in geographical characteristics (orographic effect) might play an important role in the arrival of PCBs, particularly into the southern lakes. PCB fluxes indicated deposition of PCBs in recent sediments is higher than in previous years with peaks of PCB between 1991 and 1998. The continuing increase of PCB inputs in remote Chilean lakes, could be associated with long range atmospheric transport (LRAT). 相似文献
399.
400.
Giorgio Cassiani Andrew Binley Andreas Kemna Markus Wehrer Adrian Flores Orozco Rita Deiana Jacopo Boaga Matteo Rossi Peter Dietrich Ulrike Werban Ludwig Zschornack Alberto Godio Arash JafarGandomi Gian Piero Deidda 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(15):8914-8931
The characterization of contaminated sites can benefit from the supplementation of direct investigations with a set of less invasive and more extensive measurements. A combination of geophysical methods and direct push techniques for contaminated land characterization has been proposed within the EU FP7 project ModelPROBE and the affiliated project SoilCAM. In this paper, we present results of the investigations conducted at the Trecate field site (NW Italy), which was affected in 1994 by crude oil contamination. The less invasive investigations include ground-penetrating radar (GPR), electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), and electromagnetic induction (EMI) surveys, together with direct push sampling and soil electrical conductivity (EC) logs. Many of the geophysical measurements were conducted in time-lapse mode in order to separate static and dynamic signals, the latter being linked to strong seasonal changes in water table elevations. The main challenge was to extract significant geophysical signals linked to contamination from the mix of geological and hydrological signals present at the site. The most significant aspects of this characterization are: (a) the geometrical link between the distribution of contamination and the site’s heterogeneity, with particular regard to the presence of less permeable layers, as evidenced by the extensive surface geophysical measurements; and (b) the link between contamination and specific geophysical signals, particularly evident from cross-hole measurements. The extensive work conducted at the Trecate site shows how a combination of direct (e.g., chemical) and indirect (e.g., geophysical) investigations can lead to a comprehensive and solid understanding of a contaminated site’s mechanisms. 相似文献