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91.
Diana Paula Silva Linhares Patrícia Ventura Garcia Catarina Silva Joana Barroso Nadya Kazachkova Rui Pereira Manuela Lima Ricardo Camarinho Teresa Ferreira Armindo dos Santos Rodrigues 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2018,40(5):1713-1724
Hydrothermal areas are potentially hazardous to humans as volcanic gases such as radon (222Rn) are continuously released from soil diffuse degassing. Exposure to radon is estimated to be the second leading cause of lung cancer, but little is known about radon health-associated risks in hydrothermal regions. This cross-sectional study was designed to evaluate the DNA damage in the buccal epithelial cells of individuals chronically exposed to indoor radon in a volcanic area (Furnas volcano, Azores, Portugal) with a hydrothermal system. Buccal epithelial cells were collected from 33 individuals inhabiting the hydrothermal area (Ribeira Quente village) and from 49 individuals inhabiting a non-hydrothermal area (Ponta Delgada city). Indoor radon was measured with Ramon 2.2 detectors. Chromosome damage was measured by micronucleus cytome assay, and RAPD-PCR was used as a complementary tool to evaluate DNA damage, using three 10-mer primers (D11, F1 and F12). Indoor radon concentration correlated positively with the frequency of micronucleated cells (r s = 0.325, p = 0.003). Exposure to radon is a risk factor for the occurrence micronucleated cells in the inhabitants of the hydrothermal area (RR = 1.71; 95% CI, 1.2–2.4; p = 0.003). One RAPD-PCR primer (F12) produced differences in the banding pattern, a fact that can indicate its potential for detecting radon-induced specific genomic alterations. The observed association between chronic exposure to indoor radon and the occurrence of chromosome damage in human oral epithelial cells evidences the usefulness of biological surveillance to assess mutations involved in pre-carcinogenesis in hydrothermal areas, reinforcing the need for further studies with human populations living in these areas. 相似文献
92.
Alexandre?C.?L.?Almeida Luiz?H.?Duczmal André?L.?F.?Can?adoEmail author Fabio?R.?da?Silva 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2018,25(2):257-275
Multiple data sources are essential to provide reliable information regarding the emergence of potential health threats, compared to single source methods. Spatial Scan Statistics have been adapted to analyze multivariate data sources, but only ad hoc procedures have been devised to address the problem of selecting the most likely cluster and computing its significance. In this work, information from multiple data sources of disease surveillance is incorporated to achieve more coherent spatial cluster detection using tools from multi-criteria analysis. The best cluster solutions are found by maximizing two objective functions simultaneously, based on the concept of dominance. To evaluate the statistical significance of solutions, a statistical approach based on the concept of attainment function is used. The multi-criteria approach has several advantages: the representation of the evaluation function for each data source is clear, and does not suffer from an artificial, and possibly confusing mixture with the other data source evaluations; it is possible to attribute, in a rigorous way, the statistical significance of each candidate cluster; and it is possible to analyze and pick-up the best cluster solutions, as given naturally by the non-dominated set. The methodology is illustrated with real datasets. 相似文献
93.
近年来,由于“动物友好”协议的广泛应用,鱼类胚胎实验(Fish Embryo Test, FET)成为了生态毒理学研究的主要方法。OECD 236 FET方法在REACH法规所辖范围内广泛应用,主要针对简单混合物暴露情况(simple mixture exposures),但其还在世界范围内被盲目地用于排放废水综合测试(Whole Effluent Test, WET),这是一种复杂混合物暴露情况。然而,评价FET方法用于WET的有效性的可靠数据几乎没有。本文将OECD 236 FET方法与其他国际通用的标准的和略作改进的生态毒理学研究方案进行了比较,得出了可用于WET的测试方法的总体评价结果。我们使用了未经处理的医院排水,通常认为该排水具有高毒性,且会进入市政污水处理系统。我们选择的毒性测试方法包括OECD 203 (juvenile), USEPA 2000.0 (larva) and OECD 236 (embryo)。值得一提的是,我们还额外测试了3个亚致死指标(不移动性、不孵化率、心包囊肿),这些指标可以提高OECD 236方法的敏感性。我们在所选的8种方法中考察了急性毒性数据,方法的敏感性均有提高且胚胎实验≤仔鱼实验<幼鱼实验(Embryo≤Juvenile
详情请见 https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.4215 相似文献
94.
The rate of growth of any population is a quantity of interest in conservation and management and is constrained by biological
factors. In this study, recent data on life-history parameters influencing rates of population growth in humpback whales,
including survival, age at first parturition and calving rate are reviewed. Monte Carlo simulations are used to compute a
distribution of rates of increase (ROIs) taking into account uncertainty in biological parameter estimates. Two approaches
for computing juvenile survival are proposed, which taken into account along with other life-history data, resulted in the
following estimates of the rate of population growth: Approach A: mean of 7.3%/year (95% CI = 3.5–10.5%/year) and Approach
B: mean of 8.6%/year (95% CI = 5.0–11.4%/year). It is proposed that the upper 99% quantile of the resulting distribution of
the ROI for Approach B (11.8%/year) be established as the maximum plausible ROI for humpback whales and be used in population
assessment of the species. Possible sources of positive and negative biases in the present estimates are presented and include
measurement error in estimation of life-history parameters, changes in the environment within the period these quantities
are measured, density dependence or other natural factors. However, it is difficult to evaluate potential biases without additional
data. The methods presented in this study can be applied to other species for which life-history parameters are available
and are useful in assessing plausibility in the estimation of population growth rates from time series of abundance estimates. 相似文献
95.
João Paulo Silva Author Vitae Mário Santos Author Vitae Author Vitae Domingos Leitão Author Vitae Author Vitae Márcia Pinto Author Vitae Author Vitae João Alexandre Cabral Author Vitae 《Ecological modelling》2010,221(16):1954-1963
Collision with conductors and earth cables is a known impact generated by transmission power lines, however there is virtually no information on how these infrastructures might affect bird distribution in a landscape context. With this work we specifically hypothesise that transmission power lines may affect the occurrence of a threatened bird, the little bustard (Tetrax tetrax). To test this hypothesis we used a Stochastic Dynamic Methodology (StDM), analysing the effects of power lines in a landscape perspective and simulating population trends as a response to power line installation and habitat changes induced by agricultural shifts in southern Portugal. The data used in the dynamic model construction included relevant gradients of environmental conditions and was sampled during the breeding seasons of 2003-2006. Transmission power lines were significantly avoided by the little bustard and the developed StDM model showed that the distance to these utility structures is the most important factor determining breeding densities in sites with suitable habitat for the species, which possibly leads to displacement of populations and habitat fragmentation. The model simulations also provided the base to analyse the cumulative effects caused by the habitat degradation that can ultimately lead to the extinction of local populations. Within priority conservation sites, the dismantling of existing transmission lines should be considered whenever possible, in order to ensure adequate breeding habitat. The model is considered useful as an auxiliary tool to be used in environmental impact assessments, management and conservation studies. 相似文献
96.
Jorge A. Achcar Eliane R. Rodrigues Guadalupe Tzintzun 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2011,18(2):271-290
In this paper we make use of some stochastic volatility models to analyse the behaviour of a weekly ozone average measurements
series. The models considered here have been used previously in problems related to financial time series. Two models are
considered and their parameters are estimated using a Bayesian approach based on Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods.
Both models are applied to the data provided by the monitoring network of the Metropolitan Area of Mexico City. The selection
of the best model for that specific data set is performed using the Deviance Information Criterion and the Conditional Predictive
Ordinate method. 相似文献
97.
Cement-based materials, such as concrete and mortars, are used in extremely large amounts. For instance, in 2009 concrete
production was superior to 10 billion tons. Cement plays an important role in terms of economic and social relevance since
it is fundamental to build and improve infrastructure. On the other hand, this industry is also a heavy polluter. Cement production
releases 5–6% of all carbon dioxide generated by human activities, accounting for about 4% of global warming. It can release
huge amounts of persistent organic pollutants, such as dioxins and heavy metals and particles. Energy consumption is also
considerable. Cement production use approximately 0.6% of all energy produced in the United States. On the other hand, the
chemistry underlying cement production and its applications can be very helpful to overcome these environmental issues. In
terms of manufacture, there are many alternative materials that can be used to minimize carbon dioxide production and reduce
energy consumption, such as calcium sulfoaluminates and β-Ca2SiO4—rich cements. Using residues from other industrial sectors can also improve the sustainability of cement industry. Under
adequate conditions, waste materials such as tyres, oils, municipal solid waste and solvents can be used as supplementary
fuel in cement plants. Concrete can be used for encapsulation of waste materials such as tyres, plastics and glasses. In this
review, we discuss some aspects of the cement industry associated with environmental science. Other issues such as economic
aspects, the chemistry of cement manufacture and its properties are also presented. Special attention is given to the role
that cement chemistry can play in terms of sustainability. The most relevant aspects are outlined, such as the use of alternative
materials, new possibilities and also the recycling of materials. It is also argued that an important aspect is the role of
research and development necessary to improve cement sustainability. 相似文献
98.
Soares Jéssica Maria Alexandre da Silva Júnior Elenildo Dário Oliveira de Veras Bruno Yara Ricardo de Albuquerque Priscilla Barbosa Sales de Souza Marthyna Pessoa 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2022,30(1):217-231
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - Bioactive biodegradable films are emerging biomaterials in the food packaging field. This study aims to investigate the effect of different Cenostigma... 相似文献
99.
Soares Laene Oliveira de Moraes Danielle Rodrigues Hernández-Callejo Luis Boloy Ronney Arismel Mancebo 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(49):74346-74364
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This paper discussed the possibility of replacing the internal combustion engine of the series plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) powered by... 相似文献
100.
Testing the Stochastic Dynamic Methodology (StDM) as a management tool in a shallow temperate estuary of south Europe (Mondego, Portugal) 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Pedro Silva-Santos Miguel ngelo Pardal Ricardo Jorge Lopes Tiago Múrias Joo Alexandre Cabral 《Ecological modelling》2008,210(4):377-402
A long-term monitoring program has been carried out since the early 1990s in the Mondego estuary, on Portugal's west coast, which is presently under heavy human pressure. In this shallow warm-temperate estuary, a significant macroalgal proliferation has been observed, which is a clear sign of nutrient enrichment. As a result of competition with algae, the extension of the seagrass meadows (mainly Zostera noltii) has been reduced. The present paper examined the applicability of a holistic Stochastic Dynamic Methodology (StDM) in predicting the tendencies of trophic key-components (macrophytes, macroalgae, benthic macroinvertebrate and wading birds) as a response to the changes in estuarine environmental conditions. The StDM is a sequential modelling process developed in order to predict the ecological status of changed ecosystems, from which management strategies can be designed. The data used in the dynamic model construction included true gradients of environmental changes and was sampled from January 1993 to September 1995 and from December 1998 to December 2005. The dynamic model developed was preceded by a conventional multivariate statistical procedure performed to discriminate the significant relationships between the selected ecological components. The model validation was based on independent data collected from January 1996 to January 1997 and from February 1999 to April 2000 for all the state variables considered. Overall, the simulation results are encouraging since they seem to demonstrate the StDM reliability in capturing the trophic dynamics of the studied estuary, by predicting the behavioural pattern for the most part of the components selected, with a focus on the Zostera noltii meadows recovery after the implementation of important management measures. 相似文献