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排序方式: 共有289条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
181.
The Science of Nature - 相似文献
182.
Alfred Kühn 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1955,42(19):529-530
183.
Thomas Eisner Daniel Aneshansley Marta L. del Campo Maria Eisner J. Howard Frank Mark Deyrup 《Chemoecology》2006,16(4):185-189
Summary. Data are presented on the repellency of the spray of a bombardier beetle (Pheropsophus aequinoctialis) to a lycosid spider (Lycosa ceratiola). The secretion is shown to cause the spider to desist from its assault on the beetle within, on average, 58 ms of onset
of the beetle’s secretory emission, a reaction time that is at a par with latencies previously reported for startle, escape,
and avoidance reactions of cockroaches, flies, and moths. Spray ejections by the beetle, are shorter in duration (43 ms, on
average) than the response time of the spider, an indication that the beetle does indeed pack a formidable “punch” into its
ejection. After being hit by a beetle’s spray, L. ceratiola were found occasionally to autotomize one or two of their legs. It is argued, but not proven, that this unusually severe
effect from exposure to an arthropodan defensive secretion may be caused by the high temperature of the bombardier beetle
spray. 相似文献
184.
William E. Conner Thomas Eisner Robert K. Vander Meer Angel Guerrero Dario Ghiringelli Jerrold Meinwald 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1980,7(1):55-63
Summary The sex attractant pheromone produced by the female of the moth Utetheisa ornatrix was shown to contain Z, Z, Z-3, 6, 9-heneicosatriene. The compound, whose structure was confirmed by synthesis, proved active in electroantennogram and field bioassays. Pheromone emission occurs discontinuously, in the form of short pulses (pulse repetition rate=1.5±0.2 pulses/s). It is argued that such temporal patterning — which had not previously been demonstrated for an airborne chemical signal — can provide close-range orientation cues to the male moth as it seeks out the female. 相似文献
185.
Willem Kruijer Alfred Stein Willem Schaafsma Sanne Heijting 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2007,14(4):399-410
Count data on a lattice may arise in observational studies of ecological phenomena. In this paper a hierarchical spatial model
is used to analyze weed counts. Anisotropy is introduced, and a bivariate extension of the model is presented. 相似文献
186.
Valentina Krysanova Frank Wechsung Alfred Becker Werner Poschenrieder Jan Gräfe 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》1999,4(4):259-271
Hydrological processes and crop growth were simulated for the state of Brandenburg (Germany) using the hydrological/vegetation/water quality model SWIM, which can be applied for mesoscale river basins or regions. Hydrological validation was carried out for three mesoscale river basins in the area. The crop growth module was validated regionally for winter wheat, winter barley and maize. After that the analysis of climate change impacts on hydrology and crop growth was performed, using a transient 1.5 K scenario of climate change for Brandenburg and restricting the crop spectrum to the three above mentioned crops. According to the scenario, precipitation is expected to increase. The impact study was done comparing simulation results for two scenario periods 2022–2030 and 2042–2050 with those for a reference period 1981–1992. The atmospheric CO2 concentrations for the reference period and two scenario periods were set to 346, 406 and 436 ppm, respectively. Two different methods – an empirical one and a semi-mechanistic one – were used for adjustment of net photosynthesis to altered CO2. With warming, the model simulates an increase of evapotranspiration (+9.5%, +15.4%) and runoff (+7.0%, +17.2%). The crop yield was only slightly altered under the climate change only scenario (no CO2 fertilization effect) for barley and maize, and it was reduced for wheat (–6.2%, –10.3%). The impact of higher atmospheric CO2 compensated for climate-related wheat yield losses, and resulted in an increased yield both for barley and maize compared to the reference scenario. The simulated combined effect of climate change and elevated CO2 on crop yield was about 7% higher for the C3 crops when the CO2 and temperature interaction was ignored. The assumption that stomatal control of transpiration is taking place at the regional scale led to further increase in crop yield, which was larger for maize than for wheat and barley. The regional water balance was practically not affected by the partial stimulation of net photosynthesis due to higher CO2, while the introduction of stomatal control of regional transpiration reduced evapotranspiration and enlarged notably runoff and ground water recharge. 相似文献
187.
The Science of Nature - 相似文献
188.
K. Knoch Alfred Wegener A. Prey Hartmann F. Baur A. Schmauss 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1926,14(33):774-778
189.
190.