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排序方式: 共有289条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Lenwood W. Hall Jr. Alfred E. Pinkney Scott Zeger Dennis T. Burton Michael J. Lenkevich 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1984,20(2):235-239
ABSTRACT: The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the avoidance responses of juvenile striped bass, Morone saxatilis and Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus to bis (tri-n-butyltin) oxide. An avoidance responses was exhibited by striped bass at a total organic tin concentration of 24.9 μg/L. Atlantic menhaden exhibited avoidance to total organic tin concentrations of 5.5 μg/L and greater. Atlantic menhaden are generally more sensitive to toxicants than striped bass; therefore, avoidance responses reported in this study are not surprising. It is highly likely that the concentrations of total organic tin that were avoided by the test species in this study were much higher than expected environmental concentrations. Ecologically significant hazards may occur due to potential effects that unperceived or non-avoided organotin concentrations may have on behavioral responses mediated by chemosensory systems. 相似文献
196.
Alfred Eberhardt 《Environmental management》1990,14(2):151-160
Previous comparative studies on environmental policies in the East and West mainly focused on relating differing features
of environmental management to different political, social/economic, and ideological conditions in both systems. The present
article attempts to identify common experiences. In this respect, an obvious similarity can be seen in the fact that environmental
management in the East and West emerged as a regulatory “command and control” approach, which was supplemented later by economic
incentives. The 1988 USSR Resolution “On the Radical Transformation of the System of Natural Conservation” introduces a set
of economic instruments as one of its main elements. This is less a radical change of environmental policy than a determined
acceleration of previous approaches. Existing and newly designed economic methodologies provoke a comparison with similar
approaches in market economies. The economic methods designed in the 1988 resolution include charges for the use of natural
resources and the emission of pollutants, which are notable for their firm commitment to reduce emissions even below set regulatory
standards. While experiences with this approach may be of great interest for Western countries, liability regulations of the
United States can be of great use for designing relevant provisions implementing the USSR resolution. A number of bilateral
treaties have demonstrated already the political relevance of an East-West exchange of experience in environmental management. 相似文献
197.
Rainer Haas Alfred Krippendorf Torsten C. Schmidt Klaus Steinbach und Eberhard v. L?w 《Umweltwissenschaften und Schadstoff-Forschung》1998,10(5):289-293
Zusammenfassung Arsenkampfstoffe sind in der Umwelt persistent und kontaminieren bis heute Boden und Grundwasser. In diesem Beitrag werden
die chemischen Reaktionen der Arsenkamptstoffe Diphenylarsinchlorid (CLARK I), Phenylarsindichlorid (PFIFFIKUS), Ethylarsindichlorid
(DICK) sowie von Chlorvinylarsinverbindungen (LEWISITE) dargestellt. Die M?glichkeiten der chemisch-analytischen Erfassung
dieser chemischen Kampfstoffe als Originalsubstanzen und als Thiol-Derivate werden pr?sentiert.
相似文献
198.
Matthew Gronquist Frank C. Schroeder Helen Ghiradella David Hill Erin M. McCoy Jerrold Meinwald Thomas Eisner 《Chemoecology》2006,16(1):39-43
Summary. Lucidota atra, a diurnal firefly, shares possession of defensive steroids (lucibufagins or LBGs) with nocturnal fireflies of the genus
Photinus. Photinus are protected against predators by their LBGs, but not against fireflies of the genus Photuris, the so-called firefly femmes fatales, which prey upon Photinus, thereby acquiring LBGs for their own defense. We propose that L. atra may have been prompted evolutionarily to become diurnal by the opportunity to avoid, thereby, being hunted by Photuris. Indeed, L. atra, if offered to Photuris, were eagerly devoured by the latter, which sequestered their LBG’s. In feeding on L. atra, Photuris may be driven by a gustatory affinity for LBGs. Persistent nocturnality might therefore have put L. atra at risk vis à vis Photuris. Diurnality freed the firefly from that risk, without compromising its defended status with respect to other predators. Possession
of LBGs may in fact account for L. atra’s unacceptability to birds and spiders. 相似文献
199.
Summary. Hydroxydanaidal, the pyrrolizidine alkaloid-derived male corematal pheromone active in the close-range precopulatory interactions
of the moth Utetheisa ornatrix, appears not to contribute to the chemical defense of this moth. The compound failed to manifest feeding deterrency as an
additive to mealworms, in assays with a lycosid spider (Lycosa ceratiola). Moreover, contact with the male’s coremata, such as appears to occur inevitably in consequence of courtship in Utetheisa, does not in itself reduce the palatability of the female moth. 相似文献
200.
Singing and the establishment and maintenance of dominance hierarchies in captive brown-headed cowbirds 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Alfred M. Dufty Jr. 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》1986,19(1):49-55
Summary The importance of singing in the establishment and maintenance of dominance rank was investigated in captive flocks of brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater). Each flock consisted of 3 males and 1 female. In one experiment the two largest males in each of 4 flocks were temporarily devocalized by puncturing the interclavicular air sac just before group formation. The third male in each group was sham-operated. There was a significant tendency for the non-devocalized birds to become the dominant member of their group. Only sham-operated males sang immediately after the operation. In a second experiment, dominant males from flocks with established hierarchies were temporarily devocalized. None of these males lost their dominant positions, despite their inability to sing. These results suggest that song is important in the establishment of dominance rank; however, once established, social hierarchies may be maintained by non-vocal means, such as social inertia or individual recognition. 相似文献