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71.
Saima Aslam Bharwana Shafaqat Ali Muhammad Ahsan Farooq Basharat Ali Naeem Iqbal Farhat Abbas Muhammad Sajid Aqeel Ahmad 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(1):717-731
Poisonous lead (Pb), among heavy metals, is a potential pollutant that readily accumulates in soils and thus adversely affects physiological processes in plants. We have evaluated how exogenous H2S affects cotton plant physiological attributes and Pb uptake under Pb stress thereby understanding the role of H2S in physiological processes in plants. Two concentrations (0 and 200 μM) of H2S donor sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) were experimented on cotton plants under Pb stress (0, 50, and 100 μM). Results have shown that Pb stress decreased plant growth, chlorophyll contents, SPAD value, photosynthesis, antioxidant activity. On the other hand, Pb stress increased the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), electrolyte leakage (EL), and production of H2O2 and uptake of Pb contents in all three parts of plant, viz. root, stem, and leaf. Application of H2S slightly increased plant growth, chlorophyll contents, SPAD value, photosynthesis, and antioxidant activity as compared to control. Hydrogen sulfide supply alleviated the toxic effects of lead on plant growth, chlorophyll contents, SPAD value, photosynthesis, and antioxidant activity in cotton plants. Hydrogen sulfide also reduced MDA, EL, and production of H2O2 and endogenous Pb levels in the three mentioned plant parts. On the basis of our results, we conclude that H2S has promotive effects which could improve plant survival under Pb stress. 相似文献
72.
Ali Boubakri Raja Bouchrit Amor Hafiane Salah Al-Tahar Bouguecha 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(17):10493-10501
Direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) process using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane was used for fluoride removal from aqueous solution. This study has been carried out on heat and mass transfer analyses in DCMD. The dusty-gas model was used to analyze the mass transfer mechanism and to calculate the permeate flux. The heat transfer is analyzed based on energy balance, and the different layers are considered as a series of thermal resistances. Mass transfer analysis showed that the transition Knudsen-molecular diffusion is the dominant mechanism to describe the transport of water vapor through the pores of the PVDF membrane. The most significant operating parameter is the feed temperature. The permeate increases sensitively with feed temperature and velocity, and it shows insignificant change with feed salts concentration. Heat transfer analysis showed the conduction through the matrix of the membrane presents the major part of available energy. The increasing feed temperature leads to increase thermal efficiency (TE) and decrease temperature polarization coefficient (TPC). The experimental results are in good agreement with theoretical values. Therefore, it is suggested to work at high feed temperature, which will benefit both the thermal efficiency and permeate flux. The experimental results proved that DCMD process is able to produce almost fluoride-free water suitable for many beneficial uses. 相似文献
73.
Abu T. Khan Thomas C. Graham L. Ogden S. Ali Salwa Sherylee J. Thompson 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(4):403-415
A two-generation reproductive toxicity study of zinc chloride (ZnCl2) was conducted in rats. Fo male and female rats were administered 0.00 (control), 7.50 (low), 15.00 (mid) and 30.00 (high) mg/kg/day of ZnCl2. Selected F1 male and female rats were exposed to the same doses received by their parents (Fo). Exposure of F0 parental rats to ZnCl2 showed significant reduction in fertility, viability (days 0 and 4), and the body weight of F1 pups from the high-dose group but caused no effects on litter size, weaning index, and sex ratio. Similarly, the continued exposure of F1 parental rats to ZnCl2 also reduced fertility, liter size, viability (day 0), and the body weight of F2 pups within the high-dose group but caused no effects on weaning index and sex ratio. Exposure of ZnCl2 to F0 and F1 parental males resulted in a significant reduction in their body weights, and the F0 and F1 parental females did not show any significant difference in their body weights compared to their control groups. However, the postpartum dam weights of both F0 and F1 female rats were significantly reduced compared to their controls. Exposure of ZnCl2 to Fo and F1 generation parental rats did not produce any significant change of their clinical signs as well as their clinical pathology parameters, except the alkaline phosphotase (ALK) level, which showed an upward trend in both sexes of both generations. Exposure of ZnCl2 to F0 rats resulted in a reduction of brain, liver, kidney, spleen and seminal vesicles weights of males and in the spleen and uterus of females. Similarly, exposure of F1 rats to ZnCl2 also resulted in reduction of brain, liver, kidney, adrenal, spleen, prostate and seminal vesicles weights of males and in spleen and uterus of females. ZnCl2 exposure resulted in grossly observed gastro-intestianla (GI) tract, lymphoreticular/hematopoietic, and reproductive tract lesions in parental rats in both generations. Reduced body fat was also recorded in F1 parental rats. 相似文献
74.
Ali Fanous Michael Hecker Angelika Görg Harun Parlar Fritz Jacob 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(7):666-675
Cobalt and silver are toxic for cells, but mechanisms of this toxicity are largely unknown. Analysis of Corynebacterium glutamicum proteome from cells grown in control and cobalt or silver enriched media was performed by two dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) followed by mass spectrometry. Our results indicate that the cell adapted to cobalt stress by inducing five defense mechanisms: Scavenging of free radicals, promotion of the generation of energy, reparation of DNA, reparation and biogenesis of Fe-S cluster proteins and supporting and reparation of cell wall. In response to the detoxification of Ag+ many proteins were up-regulated, which involved reparation of damaged DNA, minimizing the toxic effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and energy generation. Overexpression of proteins involved in cell wall biosynthesis (1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme and nucleoside-diphosphate-sugar epimerase) upon cobalt stress and induction of proteins involved in energy metabolism (2-methylcitrate dehydratase and 1, 2-methylcitrate synthase) upon silver demonstrate the potential of these enzymes as biomarkers of sub-lethal Ag+ and Co toxicity. 相似文献
75.
Amjad A. Ahmad Ali Fares Sivapatham Paramasivam Moustafa A. Elrashidi Reza M. Savabi 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(7):742-754
Two field experiments were conducted at the Waimanalo research station on the island of O'ahu, Hawaii to study the effect of chicken (CM) and dairy (DM) manures on biomass and nutrient concentration in sweet corn roots and shoots. Sweet corn (super sweet 10, Zea Mays L. subsp. mays) was grown for two consecutive growing seasons under four rates of application (0, 168, 337, and 672 kg ha? 1 total N equivalent) and one time (OTA) or two time (TTA) applications of organic manure types and rates. There were significant effects of types, rates, and number of manure applications on dry biomass and macro- and micro-nutrient concentration in roots and shoots tissues. Results of root tissue indicated a significant accumulation of N and C under CM and DM treatments compared with the control treatment. Manure application rates significantly increased the accumulation of N and C in root tissue. Dry weight of roots and shoots and both macro- and micro-nutrient contents in the plant tissues significantly increased under TTA treatment compared with OTA treatment. There was a significant correlation (r2 = 0.46 to 0.81) between root biomass, macro-, and micro-nutrient contents during both growing seasons. The results of the study indicates that amending soils with CM at the highest application rate provided the best crop performance in terms of root and shoot biomass, crop N, C, and other macro- and micro-nutrients. 相似文献
76.
Fatma M. El-Demerdash Ali B. Jebur Hoda M. Nasr 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(7):593-599
The joint action of pyrethroids, lambda-cyhalothrin (LC) in combination with organophosphates, fenitrothione (FNT) on antioxidant defense system and lipid peroxidation biomarkers in rat testes was studied. The results suggest that incubation of testes homogenate with different concentrations of insecticide mixture for different time intervals significantly decreased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, like glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), and the level of reduced glutathione (GSH). In addition, a significant inhibition in transaminases (AST, ALT), phosphatases (AcP, AlP) activity and protein content were observed. On the other hand, FNT plus LC increased the cellular lipid peroxidation (LPO) level and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). In conclusion, the use of insecticides mixture might cause marked oxidative damage in a concentration and time-dependent manner. 相似文献
77.
Faranak Hadi Amir Mousavi Kambiz Akbari Noghabi Hadi Ghaderi Tabar Ali Hatef Salmanian 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(3):208-213
Thirty bacterial strains with various abilities to utilize glyphosate as the sole phosphorus source were isolated from farm soils using the glyphosate enrichment cultivation technique. Among them, a strain showing a remarkable glyphosate-degrading activity was identified by biochemical features and 16S rRNA sequence analysis as Ochrobactrum sp. (GDOS). Herbicide (3 mM) degradation was induced by phosphate starvation, and was completed within 60 h. Aminomethylphosphonic acid was detected in the exhausted medium, suggesting glyphosate oxidoreductase as the enzyme responsible for herbicide breakdown. As it grew even in the presence of glyphosate concentrations as high as 200 mM, Ochrobactrum sp. could be used for bioremediation purposes and treatment of heavily contaminated soils. 相似文献
78.
The potential of epiphytic hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria on legume leaves for attenuation of atmospheric hydrocarbon pollutants 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The leaves of two legumes, peas and beans, harbored on their surfaces up to 9×10? cells g?1 of oil-utilizing bacteria. Less numbers, up to 5×10? cells g?1 inhabited leaves of two nonlegume crops, namely tomato and sunflower. Older leaves accommodated more of such bacteria than younger ones. Plants raised in oily environments were colonized by much more oil-utilizing bacteria than those raised in pristine (oil-free) environments. Similar numbers were counted on the same media in which nitrogen salt was deleted, indicating that most phyllospheric bacteria were probably diazotrophic. Most dominant were Microbacterium spp. followed by Rhodococcus spp., Citrobacter freundii, in addition to several other minor species. The pure bacterial isolates could utilize leaf tissue hydrocarbons, and consume considerable proportions of crude oil, phenanthrene (an aromatic hydrocarbon) and n-octadecane (an alkane) in batch cultures. Bacterial consortia on fresh (but not on previously autoclaved) leaves of peas and beans could also consume substantial proportions of the surrounding volatile oil hydrocarbons in closed microcosms. It was concluded that phytoremediation through phyllosphere technology could be useful in remediating atmospheric hydrocarbon pollutants. 相似文献
79.
Minimization of the formation of disinfection by-products 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The drinking water industry is required to minimize DBPs levels while ensuring adequate disinfection. In this study, efficient and appropriate treatment scheme for the reduction of disinfection by-product (DBPs) formation in drinking water containing natural organic matter has been established. This was carried out by the investigation of different treatment schemes consisting of enhanced coagulation, sedimentation, disinfection by using chlorine dioxide/ozone, filtration by sand filter, or granular activated carbon (GAC). Bench scale treatment schemes were applied on actual samples from different selected sites to identify the best conditions for the treatment of water. Samples were collected from effluent of each step in the treatment train in order to analyze pH, UV absorbance at 254 nm (UVA254), specific UV absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA254), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), haloacetic acids (HAAs) and trihalomethanes (THMs). The obtained results indicated that using pre-ozonation/enhanced coagulation/activated carbon filtration treatment train appears to be the most effective method for reducing DBPs precursors in drinking water treatment. 相似文献
80.
Polyaniline (PANI) nanofibers were electrochemically synthesized on gold electrode using ethanol as soft template by the cyclic voltammetry technique. The PANI nanofibers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Linear sweep voltammetry was used to investigate electrocatalytic activity of the PANI nanofibers modified electrode toward the reduction of nitrate ions. Results showed that the electroreduction process strongly depends on the applied potential. At the potential value of about -0.8 V vs Ag/AgCl, the electroreduction of nitrate anions to nitrite anions was identified as the rate-determining step of the electroreduction process. In the potential range of -0.8 to -1.0 V, reduction of nitrite to hydroxylamine occurs, followed by the reduction to ammonia. At potentials more negative than -1.0 V, nitrite is directly reduced to ammonia. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of PANI nanofibers modified electrode in the electroreduction of nitrate ions compared to traditional reduction methods. 相似文献