über Bilche oder ?Schl?fer’: Gartenschl?fer, Baumschl?fer, Siebenschl?fer und Haselm?use

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Why do <Emphasis Type="Italic">Manduca sexta</Emphasis> feed from white flowers? Innate and learnt colour preferences in a hawkmoth

Flower colour is an important signal used by flowering plants to attract pollinators. Many anthophilous insects have an innate colour preference that is displayed during their first foraging bouts and which could help them locate their first nectar reward. Nevertheless, learning capabilities allow insects to switch their colour preferences with experience and thus, to track variation in floral nectar availability. Manduca sexta, a crepuscular hawkmoth widely studied as a model system for sensory physiology and behaviour, visits mostly white, night-blooming flowers lacking UV reflectance throughout its range in the Americas. Nevertheless, the spectral sensitivity of the feeding behaviour of naïve moths shows a narrow peak around 450 nm wavelengths, suggesting an innate preference for the colour blue. Under more natural conditions (i.e. broader wavelength reflectance) than in previous studies, we used dual choice experiments with blue- and white-coloured feeders to investigate the innate preference of naïve moths and trained different groups to each colour to evaluate their learning capabilities. We confirmed the innate preference of M. sexta for blue and found that these moths were able to switch colour preferences after training experience. These results unequivocally demonstrate that M. sexta moths innately prefer blue when presented against white flower models and offer novel experimental evidence supporting the hypothesis that learning capabilities could be involved in their foraging preferences, including their widely observed attraction to white flowers in nature.     

On the use of manned hydrogen-gas ballooning in boundary layer studies

Measurements of nitrogen dioxide, ozone and, for the first time, on-line, nonmethane hydrocarbons with a quasicontinuous gaschromatographic/flame ionization technique were performed on a manned hydrogen-gas balloon platform. A cycle time of 10 min allowed the determination of nonmethane hydrocarbons in the carbon number range of C₄-C₁₀ with a detection limit of 10 pptv. In addition, meteorological parameters (atmospheric pressure, temperature, humidity) along with GPS-data (global positioning system) was accomplished during the balloon flights. Balloon measurements of trace compounds provide valuable information about photochemical processes in the boundary layer since gas ballooning offers the only technique that stays in the same air parcel along Langrangian trajectories. In addition, gas ballooning represents a unique tool to elucidate micrometeorological observations such as atmospheric stability oscillations and local wind fields.