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31.
Pablo R. Dalmasso Raúl A. Taccone Jorge D. Nieto Pablo M. Cometto Silvia I. Lane 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(14):1749-1753
Using the relative rate technique, rate constants for the gas-phase reactions of hydroxyl radicals with 2-chloroethyl methyl ether (k1), 2-chloroethyl ethyl ether (k2) and bis(2-chloroethyl) ether (k3) have been measured. Experiments were carried out at (298 ± 2) K and atmospheric pressure using synthetic air as bath gas. Using n-pentane and n-heptane as reference compounds, the following rate constants were derived: k1 = (5.2 ± 1.2) × 10?12, k2 = (8.3 ± 1.9) × 10?12 and k3 = (7.6 ± 1.9) × 10?12, in units of cm3 molecule?1 s?1. This is the first experimental determination of k2 and k3 under atmospheric pressure. The rate constants obtained are compared with previous literature data and the observed trends in the relative rates of reaction of hydroxyl radicals with the ethers studied are discussed. The atmospheric implications of the results are considered in terms of lifetimes and fates of the hydrochloroethers studied. 相似文献
32.
33.
Ochoa-Hueso R Allen EB Branquinho C Cruz C Dias T Fenn ME Manrique E Pérez-Corona ME Sheppard LJ Stock WD 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(10):2265-2279
We review the ecological consequences of N deposition on the five Mediterranean regions of the world. Seasonality of precipitation and fires regulate the N cycle in these water-limited ecosystems, where dry N deposition dominates. Nitrogen accumulation in soils and on plant surfaces results in peaks of availability with the first winter rains. Decoupling between N flushes and plant demand promotes losses via leaching and gas emissions. Differences in P availability may control the response to N inputs and susceptibility to exotic plant invasion. Invasive grasses accumulate as fuel during the dry season, altering fire regimes. California and the Mediterranean Basin are the most threatened by N deposition; however, there is limited evidence for N deposition impacts outside of California. Consequently, more research is needed to determine critical loads for each region and vegetation type based on the most sensitive elements, such as changes in lichen species composition and N cycling. 相似文献
34.
Novais SC Gomes SI Gravato C Guilhermino L De Coen W Soares AM Amorim MJ 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(7):1836-1843
To better understand chemical modes of action, emphasis has been given to stress responses at lower levels of biological organization. Cholinesterases and antioxidant defenses are among the most used biomarkers due to their crucial role in the neurocholinergic transmission and in cell homeostasis preventing DNA damage, enzymatic inactivation and lipid peroxidation. The main goal of this study was to investigate the effects of zinc and cadmium on survival and reproduction of E. albidus and to assess metals oxidative stress potential and neurotoxic effects at concentrations that affected reproduction. Both metals affected the enchytraeids’ survival and reproduction and induced significant changes in the antioxidant defenses as well as increased lipid peroxidation, indicating oxidative damage. This study demonstrates that determining effects at different levels of biological organization can give better information on the physiological responses of enchytraeids in metal contamination events and further unravel the mechanistic processes dealing with metal stress. 相似文献
35.
Real C Ángel Fernández J Aboal JR Carballeira A 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(10):2797-2800
Multivariate analysis of environmental data sets requires the absence of missing values or their substitution by small values. However, if the data is transformed logarithmically prior to the analysis, this solution cannot be applied because the logarithm of a small value might become an outlier. Several methods for substituting the missing values can be found in the literature although none of them guarantees that no distortion of the structure of the data set is produced. We propose a method for the assessment of these distortions which can be used for deciding whether to retain or not the samples or variables containing missing values and for the investigation of the performance of different substitution techniques. The method analyzes the structure of the distances among samples using Mantel tests. We present an application of the method to PCDD/F data measured in samples of terrestrial moss as part of a biomonitoring study. 相似文献
36.
Contamination episodes in soils require interventions to attenuate their impact. These actions are often based on the addition of materials to increase contaminant retention in the soil and to dilute the contaminant concentration. Here, non-hazardous wastes (such as sugar foam, fly ash and a material produced by the zeolitization of fly ash) and silicates (including bentonites) were tested and fully characterized in the laboratory to select suitable materials for remediating metal-contaminated soils. Data from X-ray fluorescence (XRF), N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) analyses revealed the chemical composition, specific surface area and the phases appearing in the materials. A pH titration test allowed the calculation of their acid neutralization capacity (ANC). The metal sorption and desorption capacities of the waste materials and silicates were also estimated. Sugar foam, fly ash and the zeolitic material were the best candidate materials. Sugar foam was selected because of its high ANC (17 000 meq kg−1), and the others were selected because of their larger distribution coefficients and lower sorption reversibilities than those predicted in the contaminated soils. 相似文献
37.
Microcosm experiments to control anaerobic redox conditions when studying the fate of organic micropollutants in aquifer material 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
38.
de Carvalho George Harrison Ferreira de Andrade Milene Aparecida de Araújo Carla Nunes Santos Maria Lucília de Castro Natália Alves Charneau Sébastien Monnerat Rose de Santana Jaime Martins Bastos Izabela Marques Dourado 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(6):5514-5523
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus are vectors of diseases that constitute public health problems. The discovery of products capable of... 相似文献
39.
Filgueiras Ana Virginia Gago Jesús Campillo Juan Antonio León Víctor Manuel 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(21):21264-21273
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Microplastics (MPs) are widely recognised as a contaminant of emerging concern in the marine environment. This work provides original data of the... 相似文献
40.
Segovia-Sandoval Sonia Judith Padilla-Ortega Erika Carrasco-Marín Francisco Berber-Mendoza María Selene Ocampo-Pérez Raúl 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(25):25916-25931
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this work, it was analyzed the behavior of three commercial activated carbons with different textural and chemical properties to adsorb... 相似文献