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201.
da Silva Joelma P. do S. Costa Maria Campina Fabia F. Bezerra Camila F. de Freitas Thiago S. Sousa Amanda K. Sobral Souza Celestina E. de Matos Yedda M. L. S. Pereira-Junior Francisco N. Menezes Irwim R. A. Coutinho Henrique D. M. Rocha Janaína E. 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2021,43(4):1609-1616
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Mercury is widely found in nature, however, in low concentrations, but anthropological activities have increased its concentration considerably. This causes... 相似文献
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Daima Hemant Kumar Shankar Shiv Anderson Amanda Periasamy Selvakannan Bhargava Suresh Bansal Vipul 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2018,16(4):1457-1462
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Gene delivery is the process of introducing foreign genetic material, such as DNA or RNA, into host cells. Gene... 相似文献
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Sara Dubois Nicole Fenwick Erin A. Ryan Liv Baker Sandra E. Baker Ngaio J. Beausoleil Scott Carter Barbara Cartwright Federico Costa Chris Draper John Griffin Adam Grogan Gregg Howald Bidda Jones Kate E. Littin Amanda T. Lombard David J. Mellor Daniel Ramp Catherine A. Schuppli David Fraser 《Conservation biology》2017,31(4):753-760
Human–wildlife conflicts are commonly addressed by excluding, relocating, or lethally controlling animals with the goal of preserving public health and safety, protecting property, or conserving other valued wildlife. However, declining wildlife populations, a lack of efficacy of control methods in achieving desired outcomes, and changes in how people value animals have triggered widespread acknowledgment of the need for ethical and evidence‐based approaches to managing such conflicts. We explored international perspectives on and experiences with human–wildlife conflicts to develop principles for ethical wildlife control. A diverse panel of 20 experts convened at a 2‐day workshop and developed the principles through a facilitated engagement process and discussion. They determined that efforts to control wildlife should begin wherever possible by altering the human practices that cause human–wildlife conflict and by developing a culture of coexistence; be justified by evidence that significant harms are being caused to people, property, livelihoods, ecosystems, and/or other animals; have measurable outcome‐based objectives that are clear, achievable, monitored, and adaptive; predictably minimize animal welfare harms to the fewest number of animals; be informed by community values as well as scientific, technical, and practical information; be integrated into plans for systematic long‐term management; and be based on the specifics of the situation rather than negative labels (pest, overabundant) applied to the target species. We recommend that these principles guide development of international, national, and local standards and control decisions and implementation. 相似文献
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Andrés M Cisneros-Montemayor Amanda Townsel Claire M Gonzales Andrea R Haas Estrella E Navarro-Holm Teresa Salorio-Zuñiga Andrew F Johnson 《Natural resources forum》2020,44(2):111-128
Ecotourism can incentivize social and environmental benefits through marine conservation, in parallel with efforts to better manage fisheries, coastal development, and other human pressures. In Mexico's Gulf of California and Baja California Peninsula (GCBP), marine ecosystems support tourism activities in many communities, but to date there have been no region-wide studies to estimate their benefits or identify key species. Based on data collected in this study, each year nature-based marine tourism in the GCBP results in 896,000 visits, US$518 million in expenditures and at least 3,575 direct jobs from formal operations. In interviews with operators, over 40 species groups were named as important; sea lions, whale sharks, whales, and marlin were the highest ranked, highlighting the importance of ecosystem-wide health for nature-based tourism sustainability. Local employment and the ability to make economic and conservation goals compatible were noted by operators as significant opportunities provided by nature-based marine tourism; challenges included pollution and declines in ecosystem health, a lack of infrastructure, poor resource management policies, and high operating costs. As nature-based marine tourism expands, a wider transition to true ecotourism, a focus on equitable benefits and collaboration between stakeholders and a cross-scale and ecosystem approach to management will be vital for achieving potential sustainable social, ecological and economic benefits. 相似文献
210.
Amanda E. Bates 《Marine Biology》2007,152(3):557-568
The limpet, Lepetodrilus fucensis McLean, is found in prominent stacks around hydrothermal vents on the Juan de Fuca Ridge. L. fucensis hosts a filamentous episymbiont on its gill lamellae that may be ingested directly by the gill epithelium. To assess the
persistence of this symbiosis I used microscopy to examine the gills of L. fucensis from sites representing its geographic range and different habitats. The symbiosis is present on all the specimens examined
in this study, including both sexes and a range of juvenile and adult sizes. Next, I aimed to determine if patterns in bacterial
abundance, host condition, and gill morphology support the hypotheses that the bacteria are chemoautotrophic and provide limpets
with a food resource. To do so, I compared specimens from high and low flux locations at multiple vents. My results support
the above hypotheses: (1) gill bacteria are significantly less abundant in low flux where the concentrations of reduced chemicals
(for chemoautotrophy) are negligible, (2) low flux specimens have remarkably poor tissue condition, and (3) the lamellae of
high flux limpets have greater surface area: the blood space and bacteria-hosting epithelium are deeper and have more folds
than low flux lamellae, modifications that support higher symbiont abundances. I next asked if the morphology of the lamellae
could change. To test this, I moved high flux limpets away from a vent and after 1 year the lamellar depth and shape of the
transplanted specimens resembled low flux gills. Last, I was interested in whether bacterial digestion by the gill epithelium
is a significant feeding mechanism. As bacteria-like cells are rarely apparent in lysosomes of the gill epithelium, I predicted
that lysosome number would be unrelated to bacterial abundance. My data support this prediction, suggesting that digestion
of bacteria by the gill epithelium probably contributes only minimally to the limpet’s nutrition. Overall, the persistence
and morphology of the L. fucensis gill symbiosis relates to the intensity of vent flux and indicates that specimens from a variety of habitats may be necessary
to characterize the morphological variability of gill-hosted symbioses in other molluscs. 相似文献