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Amy Sachs Leah Blanchard Amanda Buchanan Errol Norwitz Diana W. Bianchi 《黑龙江环境通报》2015,35(10):968-971
Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) using cell-free DNA is being offered to an increasing number of women. Comprehensive pre-test counseling is complicated by emerging information about the benefits and limitations of testing, as well as the potential to detect incidental findings. Genetic counselors are trained to facilitate informed decision-making; however, not all centers have access to these professionals. To aid in the informed consent process, we have summarized key points to be included in discussions with patients who are considering NIPT. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Amanda D. Melin Linda M. Fedigan Chihiro Hiramatsu Shoji Kawamura 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2008,62(5):659-670
Many species of platyrrhine primates are characterised by sex-linked color vision polymorphism. This presents an opportunity
to study the biology and ecology of individuals with different phenotypes living in the same group. Several evolutionary processes
could maintain polymorphic genes in populations. In this study, we evaluate the hypothesis that foraging niche divergence
among monkeys explains the presence of multiple color vision phenotypes. Specifically, we test whether dichromats and trichromats
differ in foraging time devoted to cryptic vs brightly colored resources. We did not find any differences in foraging time
spent on different food types by dichromatic and trichromatic monkeys in two groups of white-faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus) living in a tropical dry forest. We conclude that in so far as these variables are concerned, niche divergence does not
likely explain color vision polymorphism in our study population. 相似文献
177.
Objective
To ascertain the perinatal outcomes for an apparently isolated exomphalos detected by prenatal ultrasound.Method
Our dataset captures cases from 614 321 births in the Wessex region of England and the Channel Isles on all cases of pre- or postnatally diagnosed exomphalos from 1994 to 2015. Ascertainment was >95%.Results
Three hundred and thirty five cases were reported to the register: 28 (8%) were not detected prenatally, 18 (6%) had already died in utero, 169 (55%) cases were found to have additional anomalies on first tertiary ultrasound scan and one case was lost to follow-up. Therefore 119 (39%) cases had an apparently isolated exomphalos. Of the 119 cases with only an exomphalos detected on first tertiary ultrasound scan, 25 (21%) had a chromosome abnormality. Of those with a normal or untested karyotype, 61% were confirmed to be an isolated anomaly after birth, 13% had an additional heart abnormality, 9% had Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and 11% had additional problems diagnosed postnatally.Conclusion
Our large population-based dataset with an average of 1 year's postnatal follow-up suggests that more than one-third of apparently isolated prenatal cases of exomphalos will have an additional finding detected after birth. These data should help assist clinicians in their prenatal counseling.178.
The detrimental effects of a ringing phone on cognitive performance were investigated in four experiments. In Experiments 1 and 2, the effects of different types of sounds (a standard cell phone ring, irrelevant tones and an instrumental song commonly encountered by participants) on performance were examined. In Experiment 1, slower responses were observed in all auditory groups relative to a silence condition, but participants in the ring and song conditions recovered more slowly. In Experiment 2, participants who were warned about the potential for distraction recovered more quickly, suggesting a benefit of this prior knowledge. This investigation continued in a college classroom setting (Experiments 3a and 3b); students were exposed to a ringing cell phone during the lecture. Performance on a surprise quiz revealed low accuracy rates on material presented while the phone was ringing. These findings offer insight into top-down cognitive processes that moderate involuntary orienting responses associated with a common stimulus encountered in the environment. 相似文献
179.
Amanda Izzo Michael Wells Zachary Huang Elizabeth Tibbetts 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2010,64(5):857-864
Cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) are information-rich signals in social insects that coordinate behaviors within nests. However,
in some taxa, the precise information conveyed by CHCs is poorly understood. In particular, there is a debate over whether
CHCs convey information about their bearer's dominance or fertility. Distinguishing between dominance and fertility signaling
is difficult because fertility and rank are frequently correlated within social insect colonies. This study disentangles those
relationships by examining CHCs of Polistes dominulus paper wasps during the early nest-founding stage before dominance and fertility become correlated. First, we confirm that
dominance and fertility are not associated in early spring foundresses. Then we show that CHCs are more strongly associated
with fertility than dominance. There was no relationship between cuticular hydrocarbon profiles and a wasp’s ability to dominate
rivals through aggression, suggesting that CHCs are unlikely to provide information about dominance. However, there was a
significant correlation between ovarian development and the CHC profile, suggesting that CHCs could convey valuable information
about their bearer's fertility. Furthermore, our data provide a potential mechanism for chemical signaling of fecundity, as
there is a relationship between endogenous juvenile hormone titer (a gonadotropin), degree of ovarian development, and the
CHC profile. Hormonal regulation of CHC profile expression offers a physiological mechanism to coordinate behavior, physical
state, and signal expression. 相似文献
180.
Louzada Ludmilla Batista Lopes Amanda Tibães Molina Gustavo Pelissari Franciele Maria 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2021,29(8):2435-2446
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - Biodegradable films based on wolf fruit flour were prepared by the casting process using glycerol as a plasticizing agent. The influence that the process... 相似文献