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21.
Amber J. Soja Herman H. Shugart Anatoly Sukhinin Susan Conard Paul W. Stackhouse Jr. 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2006,11(1):75-96
Under current climate change scenarios, temperatures in Siberia are expected to increase, and consequently, fire is also expected
to increase. Potential climate-induced change is difficult to assess in Siberia because ground-based fire data are not complete.
This investigation introduces a method by which potential climate-induced change can be remotely evaluated. Mean fire return
intervals are established for 58 ecosystems across Siberia using eight years of satellite-based area burned data (1995 to
2002). Mean fire return intervals should decrease under current climate change scenarios, however the results do not currently
demonstrate consistent evidence of fire-induced change. The overall boreal forest mean fire return interval is lower than
the published mean, inferring increased fire. Most notably, using satellite data to calculate mean fire return intervals in
individual ecosystems for the entire population of fire is shown to be a viable method by which potential climate-induced
land cover change can be evaluated. 相似文献
22.
Learning during competitive positioning in the nest: do nestlings use ideal free ‘foraging’ tactics?
Begging behaviour of nestling birds may involve more than a simple, honest source of information for parents to use in provisioning. Many aspects of begging behaviour relate instead to sibling competition for food items within the nest, and we might expect evidence of adaptive learning and behavioural adjustment in response to experience of the competitive environment. In this study, we consider begging in different locations within the nest as analogous to foraging in different patches, varying in food availability. Using hand-feeding trials, we created zones of differing profitability within an artificial nest by adjusting either the prey size or number of items delivered, and allowed only indirect competition between pairs of southern grey shrike (Lanius meridionalis) nestlings. Nestlings demonstrated the ability to detect differences in zone profitability and position themselves accordingly. By the end of both the prey size and delivery rate trials nestlings had increased the amount of time spent in the high quality zone. Such movement in response to differences in load quality, as well as frequency, demonstrates the ability of nestlings to learn about their environment and to facultatively adjust their begging in order to maximise energetic rewards. 相似文献
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Regional Siberian studies have already registered climate warming over the last several decades. We evaluated ongoing climate
change in central Siberia between 1991 and 2010 and a baseline period, 1961–1990, and between 1991 and 2010 and Hadley 2020
climate change projections, represented by the moderate B1 and severe A2 scenarios. Our analysis showed that winters are already
2–3°C warmer in the north and 1–2°C warmer in the south by 2010. Summer temperatures increased by 1°C in the north and by
1–2°C in the south. Change in precipitation is more complicated, increasing on average 10% in middle latitudes and decreasing
10–20% in the south, promoting local drying in already dry landscapes. Hot spots of possible forest shifts are modeled using
our Siberian bioclimatic vegetation model and mountain vegetation model with respect to climate anomalies observed pre-2010
and predicted 2020 Hadley scenarios. Forests are predicted to shift northwards along the central Siberian Plateau and upslope
in both the northern and southern mountains. South of the central Siberian Plateau, steppe advancement is predicted that was
previously non-existent north of 56°N latitude. South of 56°N, steppe expansion is predicted in the dry environments of Khakasiya
and Tyva. In the southern mountains, it is predicted that the lower tree line will migrate upslope due to increased dryness
in the intermontane Tyvan basins. The hot spots of vegetation change that are predicted by our models are confirmed by regional
literature data. 相似文献
26.
Buledi Jamil Ahmed Amin Sidra Haider Syed Iqleem Bhanger Muhammad Iqbal Solangi Amber R. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(42):58994-59002
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The extensive release of heavy metals into the natural water bodies has become globally prevalent from past few decades. Heavy metal toxicity is... 相似文献
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Butt Muhammad Qasim Zeeshan Nadia Ashraf Naeem Mahmood Akhtar Muhammad Aftab Ashraf Hina Afroz Amber Shaheen Aqsa Naz Shumaila 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(39):54842-54851
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Massive discharge of wastes produced by the processing of leather so far confers the most important environmental challenge facing the tanneries... 相似文献
28.
Amber Krause 《Environmental Communication: A Journal of Nature and Culture》2018,12(3):322-343
The news media’s increased reliance on visual communication to illustrate complex processes and promote learning stresses the importance of investigating how visual content impacts the understanding of scientific issues. In this paper, we investigate how members of the public interpret and make sense of differentially framed images of hydraulic fracturing (fracking) depicting environmental risk, economic benefit, or issue protest. For the analysis, a repeated measures online experiment was conducted with 250 participants to evaluate 40 photographs of fracking operations and consequences. Quantitative coding and thematic analysis of open-ended responses to the images reveal that standing attitudes, operationalized as support, opposition, or indecision about fracking, segments viewers into distinct groups and shapes interpretations of environmental risk and economic benefit. Issue opponents are more likely to indicate concern for the environment regardless of frame shown, whereas undecideds and supporters cite the impact on human health more frequently, largely in relation to job site safety. Supporters also see the least ambiguity, and most economic gains, in images about the controversial production practice. 相似文献
29.
Rachel L. Welicky Karen L. Cheney Ann Marie Coile Amber McCammon Paul C. Sikkel 《Marine Biology》2013,160(7):1607-1617
Gnathiid isopod larvae are members of the marine demersal zooplankton community and are common ectoparasites of coral reef fishes, emerging from the substratum, mostly at night and crepuscular periods to feed on fish blood. Given that the activity of many marine organisms is often linked to changes in the phase of the moon, we examined the relationship between lunar phase and activity in gnathiid isopods on Caribbean reefs. We employed two sampling methods to quantify gnathiid activity: (1) Emergence traps set on reefs over a 24 h period; and (2) live fish placed in cages on reefs and retrieved during night and dawn peaks in gnathiid activity. These were compared during discrete phases as well as a continuous metric, the lunar “angle”, and an estimate of ambient light availability (luminance). Lunar phase and angle varied in their statistical effect on gnathiid activity patterns by sampling method and/or year. Luminance had a significant but inconsistent effect on measures of gnathiid activity. Our results suggest that changes in the lunar cycle are not a strong predictor of gnathiid activity at our shallow reef study sites. 相似文献
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Particulate matter (PM) has been associated with adverse respiratory outcomes in numerous studies that utilized data from emergency room visits, hospital admissions, and mortality records. This study is unique in its investigation of associations of air pollution measures, including components of PM, with health outcomes in an ambulatory-care setting. Visit data were collected from Kaiser Permanente, a not-for-profit health maintenance organization in the metropolitan Atlanta, GA, area. Kaiser Permanente collaborated on the Aerosol Research Inhalation Epidemiological Study (ARIES), which provided detailed information on the characteristics of air pollutants. The Kaiser Permanente study was a time-series investigation of the possible associations between daily levels of suspended PM, inorganic gases, and polar volatile organic compounds and ambulatory care acute visit rates during the 25-month period from August 1, 1998, to August 31, 2000. For this interim analysis, the a priori 0-2 days lagged moving average, as well as the 3-5 days and 6-8 days lagged moving averages, of air quality measures were investigated. Single-pollutant Poisson general linear modeling was used to model daily visit counts for asthma and upper and lower respiratory infections (URI and LRI) by selected air quality metrics, controlling for temporal trends and meteorological variables. Most of the statistically significant positive associations were for the 3-5 days lagged air quality metrics with child asthma and LRI. 相似文献