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121.
Industrial estate planning and management in India--an integrated approach towards industrial ecology 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Industrial estates (IE) are today perceived as an integral part of development strategies of many countries worldwide. The environmental impacts from a concentration of large number of industries in a small area or unplanned IE, can pose a serious threat to both local and global sustainable development initiatives. The formation of ecologically balanced industrial systems can result in numerous environmental and economic benefits. This paper examines the relevance of industrial symbiosis and carrying capacity concepts and proposes an integrated approach towards IE planning in India based on grouping combinations of industries based on carrying capacity, formation of green industrial townships, development of environmental impact assessment guidelines for IE and implementation of environmental management systems. 相似文献
122.
Soil identification and chemometrics for direct determination of nitrate in soils using FTIR-ATR mid-infrared spectroscopy 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The use of mid-infrared attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectroscopy enables direct measurement of nitrate concentration in soil pastes, but strong interfering absorbance bands due to water and soil constituents limit the accuracy of straightforward determination. Accurate subtraction of the water spectrum improves the correlation between nitrate concentration and its nu3 vibration band around 1350 cm(-1). However, this correlation is soil-dependent, due mostly to varying contents of carbonate, whose absorbance band overlaps the nitrate band. In the present work, a two-stage method is developed: First, the soil type is identified by comparing the "fingerprint" region of the spectrum (800-1200 cm(-1)) to a reference spectral library. In the second stage, nitrate concentration is estimated using the spectrum interval that includes the nitrate band, together with the soil type previously identified. Three methods are compared for estimating nitrate concentration: integration of the nitrate absorbance band, cross-correlation with a reference spectrum, and principal component analysis (PCA) followed by a neural network. When using simple band integration, the use of soil specific calibration curves leads to determination errors ranging from 5.5 to 24 mg[N]/kg[dry soil] for the mineral soils tested. The cross-correlation technique leads to similar results. The combination of soil identification with PCA and neural network modeling improves the predictions, especially for soils containing calcium carbonate. Typical prediction errors for light non-calcareous soils are about 4 mg[N]/kg[dry soil], whereas for soils containing calcium carbonate they range from 6 to 20 mg[N]/kg[dry soil], which is less than four percent of the concentration range investigated. 相似文献
123.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of environmental pollutants generated from incomplete combustion of organic materials. PAHs in tea have been studied for five locally available brands. Six to seven PAHs from list of 16 priority pollutants (US EPA) were found to be present in samples of various brands of tea. Benzo[a]pyrene (2A: probable human carcinogen) was found in two samples, and naphthalene (2B: possible human carcinogen) was found in all the tea samples. 相似文献
124.
A Wavelet-based Neural Network Model to Predict Ambient Air Pollutants’ Concentration 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Amit Prakash Ujjwal Kumar Krishan Kumar V. K. Jain 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2011,16(5):503-517
The present paper proposes a wavelet based recurrent neural network model to forecast one step ahead hourly, daily mean and
daily maximum concentrations of ambient CO, NO2, NO, O3, SO2 and PM2.5 — the most prevalent air pollutants in urban atmosphere. The time series of each air pollutant has been decomposed into different
time-scale components using maximum overlap wavelet transform (MODWT). These time-scale components were made to pass through
Elman network. The number of nodes in the network was decided on the basis of the strength (power) of the corresponding input
signals. The wavelet network model was then used to obtain one-step ahead forecasts for a period extending from January 2009
to June 2010. The model results for out of sample forecast are reasonably good in terms of model performance parameters such
as mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), root mean square error (RMSE), normalized mean absolute
error (NMSE), index of agreement (IOA) and standard average error (SAE). The MAPE values for daily maximum concentrations
of CO, NO2, NO, O3, SO2 and PM2.5 were found to be 9.5%, 17.37%, 21.20%, 13.79%, 17.77% and 11.94%, respectively, at ITO, Delhi, India. Bearing in
mind that the forecasts are for daily maximum concentrations tested over a long validation period, the forecast performance
of the model may be considered as reasonably good. The model results demonstrate that a judicious selection of wavelet network
design may be employed successfully for air quality forecasting. 相似文献
125.
Production of hydrogen and value-added carbon materials by catalytic methane decomposition: a review
Pham Cham Q. Siang Tan Ji Kumar Ponnusamy Senthil Ahmad Zainal Xiao Leilei Bahari Mahadi B. Cao Anh Ngoc T. Rajamohan Natarajan Qazaq Amjad Saleh Kumar Amit Show Pau Loke Vo Dai-Viet N. 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2022,20(4):2339-2359
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Dihydrogen (H2), commonly named “hydrogen”, is attracting research interest due to potential applications in fuel cells, vehicles, pharmaceuticals and... 相似文献
126.
Effluents originating from pesticides, agro-chemicals, textile dyes and dyestuffs industries are always associated with high
turbidity, colour, nutrient load, and heavy metals, toxic and persistent compounds. But even with such an anthropogenic nature,
these effluents contain dynamic cyanobacterial communities. Documentation of cyanobacterial cultures along the water channels
of effluents discharged by above mentioned industries along the west coast of India and their relationship with water quality
is reported in this study. Intensity of pollution was evaluated by physico-chemical analysis of water. Higher load of solids,
carbon and nutrients were found to be persistent throughout the analysis. Sediment and water samples were found to be colored
in nature. Cyanobacterial community structure was found to be influenced by the anthropogenic pollution. 40 different cyanobacterial
species were recorded from 14 genera of 5 families and an elevated occurrence of Phormidium, Oscillatoria and Chroococcus genera was observed in all the sampling sites. 相似文献
127.
Citation of cyanobacterial cultures from the shores of south west coast of Gujarat, India and their relationship with sea water quality, influenced by extensive pollutant runoff is reported in this study. Intensity of pollution was evaluated by physico-chemical analysis of water. Higher load of suspended solids (60–1000 mg l−1) and nutrients (PO4
−P: 1.3–4 μmole l−1 and NO3
−N: 12.5–17.8 μmole l−1) were persistent throughout the analysis. Community structure is seen to be influenced by such persistent pollution. Twenty nine cyanobacterial species were isolated belonging to 9 genera of 4 families, with an elevated occurrence of Oscillatoria and Lyngbya species. No heterocystous cyanobacteria were isolated throughout the study. 相似文献
128.
Rai A Tripathi P Dwivedi S Dubey S Shri M Kumar S Tripathi PK Dave R Kumar A Singh R Adhikari B Bag M Tripathi RD Trivedi PK Chakrabarty D Tuli R 《Chemosphere》2011,82(7):986-995
World wide arsenic (As) contamination of rice has raised much concern as it is the staple crop for millions. Four most commonly cultivated rice cultivars, Triguna, IR-36, PNR-519 and IET-4786, of the West Bengal region were taken for a hydroponic study to examine the effect of arsenate (AsV) and arsenite (AsIII) on growth response, expression of genes and antioxidants vis-à-vis As accumulation. The rice genotypes responded differentially under AsV and AsIII stress in terms of gene expression and antioxidant defences. Some of the transporters were up-regulated in all rice cultivars at lower doses of As species, except IET-4786. Phytochelatin synthase, GST and γ-ECS showed considerable variation in their expression pattern in all genotypes, however in IET-4786 they were generally down-regulated in higher AsIII stress. Similarly, most of antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) increased significantly in Triguna, IR-36 and PNR-519 and decreased in IET-4786. Our study suggests that Triguna, IR-36 and PNR-519 are tolerant rice cultivars accumulating higher arsenic; however IET-4786 is susceptible to As-stress and accumulates less arsenic than other cultivars. 相似文献
129.
Nirankar Singh Ravinder Agarwal Amit Awasthi Prabhat K. Gupta Susheel K. Mittal 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(10):1292-1300
Aerosol (total suspended particulate) samples collected at three diverse locations (urban-commercial, semi-urban and rural-agricultural) in Patiala, India were analyzed for loss on ignition (LOI) and organic tarry matter (OTM) content in ambient air during crop residue burning (CRB) episodes and non-crop residue burning (NCRB) months in 2006–2007. Results showed high levels of LOI and OTM during wheat and rice crop residue-burning periods at all the sites. Higher levels were obtained during rice crop residue-burning period as compared to the wheat residue-burning period. At semi-urban site, LOI varied between 53 ± 36 μg m?3 and 257 ± 14 μg m?3 constituting 38–78% (w/w) part of the aerosols whereas levels of OTM varied between 0.98 ± 0.11 μg m?3 and 7.93 ± 2.76 μg m?3 comprising 0.42–3.28% (w/w) fraction. At rural-agricultural area site, levels of LOI varied between 86 ± 40 μg m?3 and 293 ± 70 μg m?3 comprising 27–84% (w/w), whereas OTM levels varied between 1.31 ± 0.64 μg m?3 and 10.09 ± 6.56 μg m?3 constituting 0.83–2.42% (w/w) fraction of the aerosols. At urban-cum-commercial site, levels of LOI and OTM varied between 48 ± 23 μg m?3 and 281 ± 152 μg m?3 and 2.53 ± 1.23 μg m?3 and 17.40 ± 8.50 μg m?3, constituting 24–62% (w/w) part of the aerosols, respectively. Results also indicated that OTM and LOI were integral parts of aerosols and their concentrations were influenced by the crop residue burning practices with incorporated effect of vehicular activities in Patiala. 相似文献
130.
Residues dynamics of Endosulfan (525.00 g a.i. ha(-1)), Imidacloprid seed treatment (21 g a.i. kg(-1)), Lambdacyhalothrin (75.00 g a.i. ha(-1)) and Spiromesifen (225.00 g a.i. ha(-1)) in nectar and pollen of mustard, Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. grown in Himachal Pradesh (India) were determined through bioassay (using Drosophila melanogaster Meig. as test organism) and GC (Gas chromatographic) and HPLC (High performance liquid chromatographic) methods. In general chromatographic methods were more sensitive for the determination of above given pesticides compared to bioassay method. Average recoveries in nectar samples varied between 82.85 and 88.90% by bioassay and 91.20 and 93.55% by chromatographic techniques. In pollen samples, recoveries varied between 81.44 and 86.44% by bioassay and 88.50 and 91.30% by chromatographic methods. Imidacloprid residues were neither found in nectar nor in pollen samples at the time of sampling i.e. 50% of flowering. The order of average half life of residues was: Lambdacyhalothrin (12.45 h) < Spiromesifen (19.99 h) < Endosulfan (27.49 h) for nectar and Spiromesifen (9.69 h) < Lambdacyhalothrin (12.44 h) < Endosulfan (17.84 h) for pollen samples. It was found that Imidcloprid seed treatment was practically harmless to honey bees, whereas a waiting period of 5 days must be observed on crops sprayed with these chemicals during blooms to avoid any accidental hazards to honey bees. 相似文献