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41.
Bagheri Afrouz Abu-Danso Emmanuel Iqbal Jibran Bhatnagar Amit 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(7):7318-7327
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, Moringa seed powder (MSP) was pyrolyzed at 450 °C to synthesize Moringa seed powder biochar (MSPB) and treated with phosphoric... 相似文献
42.
Homayoun Fathollahzadeh Fabio Kaczala Amit Bhatnagar William Hogland 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(4):2455-2464
Bottom sediments in coastal regions have been considered the ultimate sink for a number of contaminants, e.g., toxic metals. In this current study, speciation of metals in contaminated sediments of Oskarshamn harbor in the southeast of Sweden was performed in order to evaluate metal contents and their potential mobility and bioavailability. Sediment speciation was carried out by the sequential extraction BCR procedure for As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn and the exchangeable (F1), reducible (F2), oxidizable (F3), and residual (R) fractions were determined. The results have shown that Zn and Cd were highly associated with the exchangeable fraction (F1) with 42–58 % and 43–46 %, respectively, of their total concentrations in the mobile phase. The assessment of sediment contamination on the basis of quality guidelines established by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA) and the Italian Ministry of Environment (Venice protocol for dredged sediments) has shown that sediments from Oskarshamn harbor are highly contaminated with toxic metals, especially Cu, Cd, Pb, Hg, As, and Zn posing potential ecological risks. Therefore, it is of crucial importance the implementation of adequate strategies to tackle contaminated sediments in coastal regions all over the world. 相似文献
43.
Amit Kumar Bhupendra Pratap Singh Monika Punia Deepak Singh Krishan Kumar V. K. Jain 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(3):2240-2248
The present work investigated the levels of total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) and benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m/p-xylene, and o-xylene (BTEX) in different microenvironments in the library of Jawaharlal Nehru University in summer and winter during 2011–2012. Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks due to organic compounds were also evaluated using US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) conventional approaches. Real-time monitoring was done for TVOC using a data-logging photo-ionization detector. For BTEX measurements, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) standard method which consists of active sampling of air through activated charcoal, followed by analysis with gas chromatography, was performed. Simultaneously, outdoor measurements for TVOC and BTEX were carried out. Indoor concentrations of TVOC and BTEX (except benzene) were higher as compared to the outdoor for both seasons. Toluene and m/p-xylene were the most abundant organic contaminant observed in this study. Indoor to outdoor (I/O) ratios of BTEX compounds were generally greater than unity and ranged from 0.2 to 8.7 and 0.2 to 4.3 in winter and summer, respectively. Statistical analysis and I/O ratios showed that the dominant pollution sources mainly came from indoors. The observed mean concentrations of TVOC lie within the second group of the Molhave criteria of indoor air quality, indicating a multifactorial exposure range. The estimated lifetime cancer risk (LCR) due to benzene in this study exceeded the value of 1?×?10?6 recommended by USEPA, and the hazard quotient (HQ) of non-cancer risk came under an acceptable range. 相似文献
44.
Shaista Nawaz Saeed Ahmad Nagra Yasar Saleem Amit Priydarshi 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,167(1-4):461-471
The untreated industrial and sewage wastes arising from industries and metropolitan activities make their passage to the River Ravi, Pakistan, where Balloki Headworks is one of the major sites of effluent concentration. This study was designed to evaluate the concentration of various toxic elements in fishes of that area compared to a nearby fish farm. The concentrations of heavy metals, such as As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg, and Zn, and electrolytes Ca, K, and Na were determined in different edible and non-edible fresh water fish varieties. Fish samples were collected from two selected sites and were analyzed for aforementioned elements. Higher levels of As (35.74–45.33 ppm), Cd (0.35–0.45 ppm), Pb (2.1–3.0 ppm), Hg (83.03–92.35 ppm) while normal levels of Zn (37.85–40.74 ppm) and Cu (1.39–2.93 ppm) were observed. Mercury, higher levels of which trigger cough, impairment of pulmonary function, and psychotic reactions, was significantly higher in all studied categories. At the sites under study, there has been observed alarming levels of toxic metals which are needed to be monitored regularly. 相似文献
45.
A multivariate time series approach vector autoregression (VAR) along with impulse response function and variance decomposition
technique has been employed to look into the interrelationship among O3, NO, NO2, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs, namely, benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, and xylene in the present study) using 3 months
long continuous time series data of 1 h average concentration of these pollutants at one of the traffic sites in Delhi, India.
It is found that the VAR of order 2 (i.e., past two lagged values of 1 h interval) is sufficient to represent the observed
time series at the station studied. The impulse response function and variance decomposition analysis indicate that O3 concentration shows an immediate rise and persists for a longer duration (typically 8–10 h) once the impulse of NO2, benzene, ethylbenzene, or xylene is given in the ambient environment. However, in case of toluene, the reverse effect has
been observed. Since O3 forms in the troposphere due to photolysis of NO2, it is not surprising that its impulse triggers O3 formation in the ambient environment. However, in case of VOCs, this has been attributed to their tendency to show higher
inclination toward intermediary reactions leading to the formation of O3 rather than their (VOCs) reaction with O3. Among VOCs, only toluene has been observed to show higher inclination toward its reaction with O3. Apart from this, variance decomposition technique also reveals that the relation of NO with NO2 is more important than the relation of NO with O3 creating a conducive atmosphere for O3 formation in the present scenario. Thus, the multivariate time series approach provides significant insight about the role
played by the dominant individual VOCs and NO
x
in influencing the O3 concentration in ambient urban atmosphere whereas a photochemical modeling approach gives an overall view of NO
x
and VOCs behavior with respect to O3 by using the O3 isopleth technique. 相似文献
46.
Deepak Singh Amit Prakash A. K. Srivastava Krishan Kumar V. K. Jain 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(2):1873-1882
The acoustic environment in urban areas has gained prominence in recent times due to rapid industrial and commercial development in metropolitan cities. Various attempts have been made to predict and model the trends in urban ambient noise levels using different statistical and dynamic models. The present study makes an attempt to examine the role of meteorological parameters affecting the ambient noise levels in Delhi. The results show significant improvement in overall noise scenario of Delhi since the introduction of compressed natural gas vehicles in public transport of Delhi. The noise level is significantly reduced by high vegetation cover as well as by low relative humidity over Delhi. The regression models developed for the present study clearly show the significant contribution of meteorological parameters in governing the ambient noise levels in Delhi. 相似文献
47.
The emissions of greenhouse gas (GHG) from soils are of significant importance for global warming. The biological and physico-chemical characteristics of soil affect the GHG emissions from soils of different land use types. Methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2) production rates from six forest and agricultural soil types in the Koteshwar hydropower reservoir catchments located in the Uttarakhand, India, were estimated and their relations with physico-chemical characteristics of soils were examined. The samples of different land use types were flooded and incubated under anaerobic condition at 30 °C for 60 days. The cumulative GHG production rates in reservoir catchment are found as 1.52 ± 0.26, 0.13 ± 0.02, and 0.0004 ± 0.0001 μg g soil?1 day?1 for CO2, CH4, and N2O, respectively, which is lower than global reservoirs located in the same eco-region. The significant positive correlation between CO2 productions and labile organic carbon (LOC), CH4 and C/N ratio, while N2O and N/P ratio, while pH of soils is negatively correlated, conforms their key role in GHG emissions. Carbon available as LOC in the reservoir catchment is found as 3–14% of the total ?C” available in soils and 0–23% is retained in the soil after the completion of incubation. The key objective of this study to signify the C, N, and P ratios, LOC, and pH with GHG production rate by creating an incubation experiment (as in the case of benthic soil/sediment) in the lab for 60 days. In summary, the results suggest that carbon, as LOC were more sensitive indicators for CO2 emissions and significant C, N, and P ratios, affects the GHG emissions. This study is useful for the hydropower industry to know the GHG production rates after the construction of reservoir so that its effect could be minimized by taking care of catchment area treatment plan. 相似文献
48.
Shastri L. Nimmagadda Heinz V. Dreher Amit Rudra 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2016,21(6):763-801
Effective use of historical volumes of heterogeneous and multidimensional data is a major challenge, especially projects associated with potential applications of carbon emission ecosystems. Data science in these applications becomes tedious when such varied data are accumulated and or distributed in multiple domains. Design, development, and implementation of sustainable geological storages are crucial for managing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and its modeling process. The purpose of the research is to address major challenges and how best a robust “ontology-based multidimensional data warehousing and mining” approach can resolve issues associated with carbon ecosystems. The conceptualized relationships deduced among multiple domains, integration of domain ontologies, data mining, visualization, and interpretation artefacts are highlights of the study. Several data, plot, and map views are extracted from metadata storage for interpreting new knowledge on carbon emissions. Statistical mining models describe data attributes’ correlations, patterns, and trends that can help in predicting future forecast of CO2 emissions worldwide. 相似文献
49.
Raysoni AU Sarnat JA Sarnat SE Garcia JH Holguin F Luèvano SF Li WW 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(10):2476-2486
Paired indoor and outdoor concentrations of fine and coarse particulate matter (PM), PM2.5 reflectance [black carbon(BC)], and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were determined for sixteen weeks in 2008 at four elementary schools (two in high and two in low traffic density zones) in a U.S.-Mexico border community to aid a binational health effects study. Strong spatial heterogeneity was observed for all outdoor pollutant concentrations. Concentrations of all pollutants, except coarse PM, were higher in high traffic zones than in the respective low traffic zones. Black carbon and NO2 appear to be better traffic indicators than fine PM. Indoor air pollution was found to be well associated with outdoor air pollution, although differences existed due to uncontrollable factors involving student activities and building/ventilation configurations. Results of this study indicate substantial spatial variability of pollutants in the region, suggesting that children’s exposures to these pollutants vary based on the location of their school. 相似文献
50.