The effects of roadway environment and fatigue on sign perception

Drivers were stopped 200 m (656 ft) after passing a warning sign and tested for their recall and recognition of the sign. An average of 5 to 10% of drivers registered the sign under various conditions, but these results were independent of specific sign content or roadway environment. Both objective and subjective measures of fatigue were related to the probability of seeing a sign on a straight and level road but not on a hilly and winding road. It was concluded that under normal daylight conditions warning signs are either redundant (contain information directly available) or irrelevant to the driver's perceived needs and the driving task. Before ruling out their usefulness, warning signs should be evaluated under conditions of degraded visibility.     

The town and country planning act 1947

The 1947 Town & Country Planning Act is regarded as the statutory foundation of physical planning in post‐war Britain. This paper looks at the Act in context and assesses its effectiveness from the vantage point of forty years since its implementation.     

Gender differences in the perception of organizational influence tactics

A short incident describing a political influence attempt was given to 152 management level and professional employees. Subjects were then asked to complete short attitude scales pertaining to the characteristics of the actor and the incident. The experimental factorial design included three factors (1) sex of subject, (2) sex of influencing party, (3) sex of target of influence. The results suggest that males are more tolerant of political behavior than women. Subjects view political manipulators of their own sex more favorably than manipulators of the opposite sex. Subjects of both sexes are more tolerant of political behavior when the victim of the behavior is a member of the opposite sex rather than of their own sex. The results may suggest a growing inclination on the part of both genders to identify with members of their own sex as a meaningful coalition and react to organizational events in view of the implications to members of their own gender. Possible implications for research and intervention are suggested.