钢铁行业技术减排措施硫、氮、碳协同控制效应评价研究

随着我国污染减排形势的日趋严峻,在高污染行业采用协同控制措施实现多种污染物控制目标不仅十分必要而且非常迫切,而合理评价减排措施的协同控制效应是实施协同控制的基础.基于此,本研究从环境-经济-技术角度系统地提出了钢铁行业技术减排措施对硫、氮、碳的协同控制效应评价方法,包括:协同控制效应坐标系分析、污染物减排量交叉弹性(Elsa/b)分析和单位污染物减排成本评价,3种评价方法相互配合,可以从多角度检验不同减排措施的协同控制效应.协同控制效应坐标系和污染物减排量交叉弹性分析的结果表明,末端治理措施不具有协同控制效应或协同控制效应不佳,而绝大多数过程控制措施都具有较好的协同控制效应.单位污染物减排成本评价的结果表明,末端治理措施优先度排序靠后,而过程控制措施排序靠前,且针对不同污染物的排序结果有所不同.在进行钢铁行业协同减排方案设计和规划时,应根据决策需要选择适宜的评价方法,参考评价结果选择最为成本有效的措施.     

Bacterial diversity and distribution in the southeast edge of the Tengger Desert and their correlation with soil enzyme activities

The nature of microbial communities and their relation to enzyme activities in desert soils is a neglected area of investigation. To address this, the bacterial diversity and distribution and soil physico-chemical factors were investigated in the soil crust, the soil beneath the crust and rhizosphere soil at the southeast edge of the Tengger Desert, using the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of 16S rRNA genes amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequenced DGGE bands revealed a great diversity of bacteria. The Proteobacteria, consisting of the α, β, and γ subdivisions, were clearly the dominant group at all depths and in rhizosphere soil. Analysis of the enzyme activities indicated that the rhizosphere soil of Caragana korshinskii exhibited the highest protease and polyphenol oxidase activities, and in the soil crust there were increased activities of catalase, urease, dehydrogenase and sucrase. The bacterial community abundance closely correlated with soil enzyme activities in different soils. The presence of Cyanobacteria correlated with significant increases in protease, catalase and sucrase in the soil crust, and increased urease in the rhizosphere soil of Artemisia ordosica. The occurrence of Acidobacteria was associated with significant increases in urease, dehydrogenase, and sucrase in the rhizosphere soil of C. korshinski. The presence of γ-Proteobacteria correlated with a significant increase in polyphenol oxidase in the rhizosphere soil of A. ordosica. The study indicated a close relationship between the soil bacterial community and soil enzymes, suggesting the necessity of further investigations into bacterial function in this desert ecosystem.     

中国钢铁行业大气污染与温室气体协同控制路径研究

随着我国温室气体减排形势的日益严峻,以及大气污染物减排工作的日益深化,寻求能够同时削减温室气体和局地空气污染物的减排措施成为重要的研究方向。过去的减排工作经验教训表明,单一的末端治理措施难以实现多污染物控制目标。文章以我国钢铁行业为例,在协同控制理念指导下,构造大气污染物协同减排当量指标APeq评价某项技术措施对SO2、NOX和CO2的综合减排效果,并针对APeq、SO2、NOX、CO2,基于单位(边际)污染物减排成本和减排潜力估算,讨论协同控制分析方法和技术措施减排路径。结果表明,相比末端控制技术,前端和过程控制技术可实现3种污染物协同减排,因而单位(边际)污染物减排成本较低,优先度排序靠前,而末端治理措施缺乏协同性,单位(边际)污染物减排成本较高,优先度排序靠后。仅靠前端和过程控制措施,NOX减排目标能够实现,而SO2、CO2和APeq减排目标则难以实现,尚须实施部分成本较高的末端控制措施,或借助结构调整和规模控制手段。     

生态足迹模型的修正及其应用研究进展

生态足迹模型作为度量区域可持续发展程度的方法已用于多领域多层次的评价,也被越来越多的学者研究、分析、修正和质疑。文章在阅读该领域重要文献和报告的基础上,对国内外学者提出的各类生态足迹修正模型进行梳理,并聚焦于生态足迹与其他测度指标的结合以及其在战略环境评价中的应用,对生态足迹模型作为环境评估工具的潜力及其未来的研究方向提出个人的看法。     

核电站废离子交换树脂微波干燥可行性研究

目前,核电站产生的废树脂,大多数采用暂存或水泥固化方法,但水泥固化增容比达4.8～5.2。桶内干燥工艺以其工艺简单,减容比大等优点,已在国外核电站得到应用。微波干燥具有由内向外的干燥特点。据报道,微波干燥废树脂的减容比可达5。用微波作为热源,在桶内干燥条件下对核电厂产生的废树脂开展了可行性研究。研究表明,在试验条件下,初始含水率50%左右的树脂,干燥后的含水率均小于10%,减容比为1.5～2。试验结果表明微波干燥废树脂是可行的。     

Simulating the spatial distribution of pollutant loads from pig farming using an agent-based modeling approach

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This research developed an agent-based model (ABM) for simulating pollutant loads from pig farming. The behavior of farmer agents was captured using...     

Removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution by a novel ZnO-sludge biochar composite

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The incorporation of ZnO into biochar has become a promising way to obtain adsorbents with enhanced adsorption capacity. In this study, a low-cost...     

稀土对植物抗逆作用的自由基机制

通过研究及收集的资料，提出在植物生长期中，稀土元素能增加植物的抗逆性，当植物受到酸雨、重金属及盐胁迫时，稀土表现出抗氧化性质，而且稀土对植物的抗逆作用是由于其具有清除含氧自由基的作用。     

试论我国自然资源立法的几个基本问题

本文从自然资源产权、国家管理和资源定价几个方面，简要讨论了我国自然资源立法的基本问题，提出建立多样化产权制度、合理界定国家管理界限和理清税费的一些原则建议