Organochlorine residues in the avifauna of Tamil Nadu (Southeast coast of India)

Pollution due to persistent pesticides is not a regional but a global problem. Organochlorine pesticides are persistent chemicals, stored and accumulated in the tissues of a wide variety of invertebrates and vertebrates including marine species. In the present study the organochlorine residues HCHs, DDTs and PCBs were measured in different trophic groups of birds (scavengers, inland piscivores, coastal piscivores, insectivores, granivores and omnivores) collected from Tamil Nadu Coast, India. The residue accumulation as a function of sex did not depict distinct variation. However, females had lower residue levels than males in terms of their mean weight and feeding habits. A continuous monitoring programme is recommended to establish the studied organisms as indicator species.     

应用生物配体模型研究湘江水体中铜的生物有效性

为评估湘江水体中铜的生物有效性,通过铜对青鳉的急性毒性实验确定铜对青鳉的半致死浓度(LC₅₀),然后利用生物配体模型(Biotic Ligand Model, BLM)确定青鳉的累积半致死浓度(LA₅₀)。同时对湘江水样的预测结果表明,铜对青鳉的LA₅₀为12.43 nmol?gw^-1;BLM预测的与实验观测的LC₅₀差异倍数小于2,表明BLM预测结果非常准确。在此基础上预测铜对青鳉LC₅₀预测范围为344.70～761.96 μg?L^-1。湘江各点水质最终急性值(FAV)相差不大(11.04～14.25 μg?L^-1),但水中溶解态铜含量相差较大(0.29～10.48 μg?L^-1),同时毒性单位值(TU)相差较大(0.06～1.48 μg?L^-1),其中最小值在舂陵水入湘江下游采样断面,最大值在株洲断面。在全部调查断面中,只有株洲断面TU大于1(1.48),说明株洲断面水中铜含量超过了该断面水中BLM确定的标准最大浓度1.48倍。     

加强安全生产管理的七字诀

当前创建和谐社会正成为中国改革开放伟大事业的重要目标,安全毫无疑问是创建和谐社会的根本条件,这更要求从事安全管理工作的同行们视保一方平安为己任,切实提高安全管理水平.     

Formation of dimethyldithioarsinic acid in a simulated landfill leachate in relation to hydrosulfide concentration

Dimethyldithioarsinic acid (DMDTA^V), present in such intense sources as municipal landfill leachate, has drawn a great deal of attention due to its abundant occurrence and different aspect of toxicity. The hydrosulfide (HS⁻) concentration in leachate was studied as a major variable affecting the formation of DMDTA^V. To this end, the HPLC–ICPMS system equipped with the reversed-phase C18 column was used to determine DMDTA^V. Simulated landfill leachates (SLLs) were prepared to cover a mature landfill condition with the addition of sodium sulfate and sulfide at varying concentrations in the presence of dimethylarsinic acid (DMA^V). The concentration of sodium sulfide added in the SLLs generally exhibited a strong positive correlation with the concentration of DMDTA^V. As such, the formation of DMDTA^V in the SLLs is demonstrated to be controlled by the interactive relationship between DMA^V and the HS⁻.

     

除草剂对非靶标生物及人体的生殖毒性与遗传毒性研究进展

除草剂的应用已逐渐成为农业生产中不可或缺的一环.除草剂潜在的毒性作用对生态系统及其中生存的动物和人类存在着威胁.因此,研究除草剂的生殖和遗传毒性并选用安全的品类对于生态系统的保护是十分重要的.本文综述了多种除草剂对几种非靶标生物的生殖毒性和遗传毒性,为新型除草剂的生殖和遗传毒性评价及实验动物的选择提供参考,并为除草剂的生态毒理研究提供思路.     

制定地方污水综合排放标准与实行水污染物排放许可证制度的实践

介绍结合新疆的特殊干旱区生态环境和社会经济,各种污染物因素,试行制定出了本地区地方污水综合排放标准,实行水污染物排放许可证制度的实践体会。     

Large-volume injection PTV-GC-MS analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in air and sediment samples

For the analysis of trace organic pollutants in environmental samples using a gas chromatographic (GC) instrument, large-volume injection using the programmable temperature vaporization (PTV) technique has many advantages over the traditional split/splitless injection. By increasing the injection volume from 1 or 2 microL with a split/splitless inlet to 60 microL or higher with the PTV inlet, analytical sensitivity is greatly enhanced for analytes with low concentrations. Results obtained from optimization of instrument operational parameters for analyzing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are reported in this paper. The laboratory method detection limits for 16 PAHs and six deuterated PAH surrogates were determined using seven replicate spike samples. The initial temperature of the inlet was found to be critical in determining the analytical sensitivity of PAHs with two or three rings due to loss of these relatively highly volatile compounds during solvent vaporization. For most PAHs, the response of the mass spectrometry detector increased proportionally as the total injected volume was increased up to 150 microL. Significant interference from rubber material of the sample vial septa was observed.     

湖北的气候生产力与农业持续发展

基于对湖北省主要农作物气候生产力的估算,分析了目前气候生产力利用的现状,由于受到自然条件和社会条件的限制,在目前大田生产的条件下,湖北粮食气候生产力利用率相对较低,即使是利用率稍高的中稻,其历史最高产量也仅为气候生产力的一半,气候生产潜力较大。因此,如何加强农业气候生产力的开发利用,最大限度的发挥气候资源的作用,将是实现湖北农业持续发展需要解决的重大问题之一。     

Best available techniques (BAT) for the fruit and vegetable processing industry

Best available techniques (BAT) are an important reference point in the environmental permit regulation for industrial installations in the European Union Member States, which have to implement the integrated pollution prevention and control (IPPC)-directive (96/61/EC). BAT correspond to the techniques and organisational measures with the best overall environmental performance that can be introduced at a reasonable cost. In the Flanders part of Belgium, BAT are usually determined at the sector level. The ‘Fruit and Vegetable Processing Industry’ [BAT for Fruit and Vegetable Processing Industry. Gent, Belgium: Academia Press, 1999] is one of the industries for which a BAT report has been drafted. In this paper, the main results of this study are presented. Special attention is given to the use of high quality water¹, as this is the key environmental issue of the industry.     

饮用水源保护区生态补偿机制研究

饮用水源保护区对于居民的健康安全,以及区域经济与社会的稳定发展具有十分重要的作用。以饮用水源保护区为研究对象,对于开展生态补偿的相关理论基础进行了系统的梳理,系统分析了补偿机制的构建内容,重点对财政转移支付、征收水资源费、开展优惠信贷、鼓励公益性资金投入等四种生态补偿途径进行了探讨,并从生态效益、生态建设成本、补偿主客体的参与意愿及支付能力等角度对生态补偿额度的测算进行了评述。最后提出实施饮用水源保护区生态补偿工作的具体策略与建议。