鄱阳湖湿地生态系统退化的社会经济根源研究

鄱阳湖湿地生态系统是一个复杂、开放的交互系统。近些年,鄱阳湖湿地生态系统退化有加剧的趋势,其中有自然的原因,但更重要的是在社会经济发展过程中引起自然环境的破坏和生态规律的波动。人口持续增长、不合理的经济发展模式、湿地保护相关政策的缺失等都加剧了湿地生态系统的退化。加强湿地管理与保护、调整区域经济发展方式、构建环鄱阳湖生态经济区等措施,对保护和开发鄱阳湖湿地有重要的作用。     

一种沉淀法处理生活垃圾渗滤液的研究

生活垃圾渗滤液来源于生活垃圾的含水和地表径流和地下水的浸入。渗滤液是一种高浓度的有机废水。与工业废物一起填埋的垃圾渗滤液中还含有较多的重金属,垃圾浸滤液一旦控制不当,将会污染地下水,甚至对人体健康造成危害。目前研究垃圾浸滤液的方法已经成为水处理研究的热点,但研究生活垃圾浸出液中氨氮的去除比较少。本文首先介绍研究磷酸铵镁沉淀去除氨氮的原理,接下来讨论了磷酸铵镁沉淀法去除垃圾渗滤液中的氨氮的各种因素,分析了各种最佳条件的形成。在去除氨氮同时,对重金属也有很好的去除效果。磷酸铵镁沉淀法去除氨氮同时形成的是一种重要复合肥料。MAP法可降低垃圾渗滤液中COD浓度,改善其可生化性,并具有对NH3-N去除率高,无二次污染,受温度影响很小等特点。     

重度富营养化水培条件下烟草的生长特性及其净化效果的研究

研究了烟草在重度富营养化水培条件下的生长特性、根的解剖结构,对其净化效果进行了观测,并对烟草在重度富营养化水中的生长特性变化原因、适应机理进行了探讨。     

农药在生态环境中的持久性及残留的研究方法

本文报导农药在生态环境中的持久性及残的研究方法，它包括农药在作物、土壤和水等环境介质中的持外性，以及农药在这些介质中中的残留量与农药的施用量和施药次数的关系等方面的内容，本文还介绍了农药在作物中最高残留限量与安全间隔期的计算方法。     

Longitudinal and seasonal variations of epilimnetic silica in a morphologically complex reservoir and the significance of flow regime and internal processes to their dynamics

Spatial and temporal dynamics of silica (SiO2) were examined in a morphologically complex reservoir, based on data collected between high-flow year and low-flow year. SiO2 averaged 3.4 mg/L and varied from 0.1 to 9.7 mg/L depending on the year and the location. The paired sample test of SiO2 showed that in mainstem sites, SiO2 was significantly (t = 3.577, p < 0.01) greater in the high-flow year than in the low-flow year, and this pattern was similar to that of embayment sites, indicating an importance of flow regime on the silica loading. During the high-flow year, SiO2 was significantly (t = 3.577, p < 0.01) greater in the mainstems than in the embayments, but during the low-flow year, there was no statistical difference between the two reaches. SiO2 showed a distinct longitudinal decline from the headwaters to the dam in the high-flow year, and it was modified by the plunging of metalimnetic density current in the mid-lake reach. Seasonal fluctuation of SiO2 was influenced by internal nutrient cycling and diatom populations. Dominant phytoplankton abundance had an inverse relation between the two algal populations of bluegreens and diatoms during August-December of the low-flow year. In other words, bluegreen algae dominated at the low SiO2 (< 2.5 mg/L) during the summer period of the low-flow year, whereas diatoms dominated with the increase of SiO2 in fall overturn. Overall results suggest that increase of silica in this system is primarily regulated by interannual flow regime, but the internal loading during fall overturn and biological up-take by seasonal growth of diatom community were also considered as an important process controlling the input of silica.     

稀土元素在土壤中迁移、转化模型的建立及验证

建立了稀土在褐土土壤中迁移、转化模型，定量评价稀土在土壤中的迁移、转化过程。模型包括土壤中稀土化学热力学平衡体系、土壤水分物理形状和土壤剖面的稀土通量。在中国农业大学内进行了田间实验，对模型进行了验证，模拟值与实测值能很好的拟合。     

扬州生态市建设中景观生态规划的应用

在扬州根据景观生态规划的原则，通过对自然、经济和社会条件的分析，形成市域范围内的生态敏感地区分布图，并提出相应的发展对策；在沿江地带，根据自然演变和经济发展，提出扬州沿江地带保护自然发展动力轴线、强化经济轴线的总体布局；根据城市发展目标和廊道建设情况，提出在中心城区沿润扬大桥北接线建设1km的环城绿色廊道，建设城市东西方向的3条绿色廊道和南北方向的两个楔形开放空间，同时沿主要的水网建设沿岸防护廊道，形成作为城市冷桥的绿色网络结构，把城市和郊区联系在一起，加强空气的流通并减轻、预防热岛效应和其他城市弊端。     

Preparation of macromolecular heavy metal coagulant and treatment of wastewater containing copper.

Many treatment technologies for wastewater containing heavy metals have been developed in recent years, but these technologies have some disadvantages, such as poor removing efficiency and complex operation. For this reason, a macromolecular heavy metal coagulant polyethyleneimine-sodium xanthogenate (PEX) was prepared by grafting a xanthogenate group to polyethyleneimine. It was determined that PEX has the function of removing both turbidity and copper ions. It was also determined that copper ions and turbidity have a cooperative removal effect with each other in the process of treating wastewater containing both turbidity and copper ions by PEX. The investigation showed that PEX is an amphoteric polyelectrolyte. At lower pH values, the amino groups of the macromolecule are electrically positive; therefore, turbidity is removed because of electroneutralization coagulation; at higher pH values, both amino groups and xanthogenic radical groups contribute to the removal of heavy metals, as a result of chelation. Compared with traditional chemical precipitation by calcium oxide and coagulation by an ordinary inorganic coagulant, PEX showed obvious advantages, for example, removing both turbidity and copper ions, higher removal efficiency, lower suitable pH value, and higher floc settlement velocity.     

紫外诱变黄孢原毛平革菌染料脱色研究

对黄孢原毛平革菌孢子悬浮液进行了紫外诱变,并将筛选出的优势菌ZWYB1与未经诱变的菌作对比实验,结果表明:诱变筛选得到的ZWYB1不仅可缩短对染料的脱色时间,提高对杂环类染料蕃红花红及高浓度染料400 mg/L的孔雀石绿的脱色效果,而且诱变后的菌种具有一定的脱色能力稳定性.     

紫外诱变黄孢原毛平革菌染料脱色研究

对黄孢原毛平革菌孢子悬浮液进行了紫外诱变，并将筛选出的优势菌ZWYB1与未经诱变的菌作对比实验，结果表明：诱变筛选得到的ZWYB1不仅可缩短对染料的脱色时间，提高对杂环类染料蕃红花红及高浓度染料400mg／L的孔雀石绿的脱色效果，而且诱变后的菌种具有一定的脱色能力稳定性。