有机物污染环境的植物修复研究进展

本文综述了近年来国内外有机物污染环境的植物修复研究进展情况 ,重点介绍了多环芳烃、农药、多硝基芳香化合物等持久性有机污染物以及石油和燃油添加剂污染土壤、水体的植物修复原理与技术。     

新型结构内循环生物流化床的流体力学特性试验及数值模拟

建立小型试验模型,利用粒子成像测速(PIV)技术对模型4个工况的流场进行测量.然后对其中3个工况进行数值模拟,对数值模拟和试验测量结果进行分析比较,证明用数值计算方法来模拟生物流化床流体力学特性的可行性.     

高效藻类塘氮磷去除机理的研究进展

首先介绍了高效藻类塘的发展历史和特点,其次简述了高效藻类塘的生物特性和物理化学变化规律,并重点论述了高效藻类塘的氮磷去除机理及其影响因素,最后对高效藻类塘在控制非点源污染中的应用前景进行展望.     

Longitudinal and seasonal variations of epilimnetic silica in a morphologically complex reservoir and the significance of flow regime and internal processes to their dynamics

Spatial and temporal dynamics of silica (SiO2) were examined in a morphologically complex reservoir, based on data collected between high-flow year and low-flow year. SiO2 averaged 3.4 mg/L and varied from 0.1 to 9.7 mg/L depending on the year and the location. The paired sample test of SiO2 showed that in mainstem sites, SiO2 was significantly (t = 3.577, p < 0.01) greater in the high-flow year than in the low-flow year, and this pattern was similar to that of embayment sites, indicating an importance of flow regime on the silica loading. During the high-flow year, SiO2 was significantly (t = 3.577, p < 0.01) greater in the mainstems than in the embayments, but during the low-flow year, there was no statistical difference between the two reaches. SiO2 showed a distinct longitudinal decline from the headwaters to the dam in the high-flow year, and it was modified by the plunging of metalimnetic density current in the mid-lake reach. Seasonal fluctuation of SiO2 was influenced by internal nutrient cycling and diatom populations. Dominant phytoplankton abundance had an inverse relation between the two algal populations of bluegreens and diatoms during August-December of the low-flow year. In other words, bluegreen algae dominated at the low SiO2 (< 2.5 mg/L) during the summer period of the low-flow year, whereas diatoms dominated with the increase of SiO2 in fall overturn. Overall results suggest that increase of silica in this system is primarily regulated by interannual flow regime, but the internal loading during fall overturn and biological up-take by seasonal growth of diatom community were also considered as an important process controlling the input of silica.     

Preparation of macromolecular heavy metal coagulant and treatment of wastewater containing copper.

Many treatment technologies for wastewater containing heavy metals have been developed in recent years, but these technologies have some disadvantages, such as poor removing efficiency and complex operation. For this reason, a macromolecular heavy metal coagulant polyethyleneimine-sodium xanthogenate (PEX) was prepared by grafting a xanthogenate group to polyethyleneimine. It was determined that PEX has the function of removing both turbidity and copper ions. It was also determined that copper ions and turbidity have a cooperative removal effect with each other in the process of treating wastewater containing both turbidity and copper ions by PEX. The investigation showed that PEX is an amphoteric polyelectrolyte. At lower pH values, the amino groups of the macromolecule are electrically positive; therefore, turbidity is removed because of electroneutralization coagulation; at higher pH values, both amino groups and xanthogenic radical groups contribute to the removal of heavy metals, as a result of chelation. Compared with traditional chemical precipitation by calcium oxide and coagulation by an ordinary inorganic coagulant, PEX showed obvious advantages, for example, removing both turbidity and copper ions, higher removal efficiency, lower suitable pH value, and higher floc settlement velocity.     

紫外诱变黄孢原毛平革菌染料脱色研究

对黄孢原毛平革菌孢子悬浮液进行了紫外诱变,并将筛选出的优势菌ZWYB1与未经诱变的菌作对比实验,结果表明:诱变筛选得到的ZWYB1不仅可缩短对染料的脱色时间,提高对杂环类染料蕃红花红及高浓度染料400 mg/L的孔雀石绿的脱色效果,而且诱变后的菌种具有一定的脱色能力稳定性.     

紫外诱变黄孢原毛平革菌染料脱色研究

对黄孢原毛平革菌孢子悬浮液进行了紫外诱变，并将筛选出的优势菌ZWYB1与未经诱变的菌作对比实验，结果表明：诱变筛选得到的ZWYB1不仅可缩短对染料的脱色时间，提高对杂环类染料蕃红花红及高浓度染料400mg／L的孔雀石绿的脱色效果，而且诱变后的菌种具有一定的脱色能力稳定性。     

农药在生态环境中的持久性及残留的研究方法

本文报导农药在生态环境中的持久性及残的研究方法，它包括农药在作物、土壤和水等环境介质中的持外性，以及农药在这些介质中中的残留量与农药的施用量和施药次数的关系等方面的内容，本文还介绍了农药在作物中最高残留限量与安全间隔期的计算方法。     

Monitoring E. coli and total coliforms in natural spring water as related to recreational mountain areas

Natural spring water has unique properties, as it is rich in minerals that are considered to be beneficial to human health. A survey of the microbiological quality of natural spring water was conducted to assess possible risks from the consumption of the water by visitors in recreational mountain areas located in Seoul, South Korea. The densities of total coliforms and Escherichia coli were measured during the spring and the summer of 2002 to investigate the presence of coliform bacteria in the drinking spring waters. Total coliforms were detected in all samples and the mean density of total coliforms was up to a maximum of 228 CFU/mL. Detectable E. coli was found in 78% of all samples and the mean densities of E. coli varied from a minimum of 0 CFU/mL to a maximum of 15 CFU/mL in all samples. Malfunctioning septic systems and wildlife population appear to be the main source of E. coli contamination. Presence of E. coli in natural spring water indicates potential adverse health effects for individuals or populations exposed to this water. The fecal contaminated spring water may present an unacceptable risk to humans if it is used as raw drinking water.     

Bimetallic nickel molybdate supported Pt catalyst for efficient removal of formaldehyde at low temperature

Efficient removal of formaldehyde from indoor environments is of significance for human health.In this work,a typical binary transition metal oxide that could provide various oxidation states,β-NiMoO_4,was employed as a support to immobilize the active Pt component(Pt/NiMoO_4) for catalytic formaldehyde elimination at low ambient temperature(15℃).The results showed that the hydrothermal preparation temperature and time had a noticeable impact on the morphology and catalytic activity of the samples.The catalyst prepared with hydrothermal temperature of 150℃ for 4 hr(Pt-150-4) exhibited superior catalytic activity and stability mainly due to its distinctly porous structure,relative abundance of adsorbed surface hydroxyls/water,and high oxidation ability,which resulted from the interaction of Pt with Ni and Mo of the bimetallic NiMoO_4 support.Our results might shed light on the rational design of multifunctional catalysts for removal of indoor air pollutants at low ambient temperature.