强化内电解预处理制药废水

为进一步提高铁炭内电解法处理制药废水的处理效率,采用添加不同强化剂的方法考察分析强化因子的影响效果.在C加入量10g/L,铁屑30g/L,反应时间150 min,pH值7.5的条件下,以不同的盐、金属铜、双氧水作强化剂分别加入反应体系中,检测COD去除效果.实验结果表明:当每升废水中分别加入氯化铜、硫酸锰、硝酸镍、金属...     

大骨节病区水土中有机物对硒存在形态和生物有效性的影响

经测定,低硒带大骨节病区土壤中80％以上硒及土壤水提液中30—96％的硒以有机结合态形式存在,主要结合于土壤腐植酸类物质.病区饮水源中除低硒外,并高有机物含量,80％以上的硒与有机物结合.动物实验的结果表明,腐植酸的存在显著降低了饲料中硒的生物有效性.     

Fungal biotransformation of 6:2 fluorotelomer alcohol

Fungal degradation of 6:2 fluorotelomer alcohol (6:2 FTOH, C₆F₁₃CH₂CH₂OH) by two wood‐decaying fungal strains and six fungal isolates from a site contaminated with per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) was investigated. 6:2 FTOH is increasingly being used in FTOH‐based products, and previous reports on the microbial fate of 6:2 FTOH have focused on bacteria and environmental microbial consortia. Prior to this study, one report demonstrated that the 6:2 FTOH biotransformation by the wood‐decaying fungus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, generated more polyfluoroalkyl substances, such as 5:3 acid (F(CF₂)₅CH₂CH₂COOH), and diverted away from producing the highly stable perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs). Most of the fungi (Gloeophyllum trabeum and isolates TW4‐2, TW4‐1, B79, and B76) examined in this study showed similar degradation patterns, further demonstrating that fungi yield more 5:3 acid (up to 51 mol% of initial 6:2 FTOH dosed) relative to other metabolites (up to 12 mol% total PFCAs). However, medium amendments can potentially improve 6:2 FTOH biotransformation rates and product profiles. The six fungal isolates tolerated up to 100 or 1,000 milligrams per liter of perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid, and some isolates experienced increased growth with increasing concentrations. This study proposes that fungal pathways must be considered for the biotransformation of potential PFAS precursors, such as 6:2 FTOH, and suggests the basis for selecting proper microorganisms for remediation of fluoroalkyl‐contaminated sites.     

Size-segregated trace elements in continental suburban aerosols: seasonal variation and estimation of local,regional, and remote emission sources

We have measured trace element contents in suburban aerosols from six size fractions in the range of PM_0.27–16 from a background station in Belgrade (Serbia). The distribution and concentration of elements were determined within each of the investigated Dp fractions with emphasis on the fine and coarse modes. Fine/coarse mode ratios of element can provide information regarding their anthropogenic or natural origin. Analysis of seasonal variations of element contents in fine and coarse mode show that Cd, Co, K, and V have higher concentrations in the fine mode during heating season, while Fe contents are lower. In the coarse mode, Cu and V have higher concentrations during the heating season, while Al, Fe, Mg, Mn, and Sb contents are lower. We also apply a distribution probability model (normal, log-normal, and three-parameter Weibull) as new approach to estimate the distances of emission sources that can contribute to pollutant contents in particulate matter of the investigated location.     

我国沿海机动车轮胎磨损橡胶微粒释放量初步估算

环境微塑料是当前环境领域关注热点,并被列为环境与生态科学研究领域的关键科学问题。机动车轮胎因与路面摩擦而向环境不断释放橡胶微粒,因此,机动车轮胎经摩擦释放的橡胶微粒被认为是环境微塑料主要初生源之一。基于我国公路总里程位居世界首位和机动车保有量占世界第二的实际情况,以2016年为基准年,采用经验公式方法估算了我国沿海地区机动车轮胎释放的橡胶微粒水平。结果表明,我国沿海机动车轮胎摩擦释放橡胶微粒量为189 965.91 t,其中广东省释放量最高,占全国沿海省(市)释放总量的24.09%以上,而广西省释放量最小,占比为1.41%。另外,土壤是轮胎橡胶微粒的主要释放去向,橡胶微粒对土壤环境产生的潜在影响需及早引起关注。     

解析全地下式泵站的环境与安全状况

本文介绍了城市排水泵站的发展状况,描述了全地下式泵站的结构布置情况及其优点,说明了全地下式泵站对于环境的影响,在对比分析的基础上发现全地下式泵站存在的三种主要安全隐患,并针对其安全隐患提出了相应的防护措施。     

纳米晶体表层钛阳极的制备及其在废水处理中的应用

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米晶体表层钛阳极,并表征了该钛阳极的形貌。实验结果表明：纳米晶体表层钛阳极表面平整,裂隙很少,且提高了电流效率;制作的中间涂层,在保护钛板、节省贵金属的同时使钛阳极涂层具有一定的梯度结构,增加了涂层的结合力,使该钛阳极具有较长的使用寿命,最佳条件下可使用15a以上;纳米晶体表层钛阳极处理硝基苯废水的最佳实验条件为：pH=2,每平方厘米纳米晶体表层钛阳极处理12mL废水,电流密度10mA／cm^2。在此最佳条件下,在较低耗电量（每吨废水耗电量低于6kW·h）的情况下硝基苯去除率大于98％。     

公路隧道火灾起因及预防研究

在总结分析近30年典型大中型公路隧道火灾案例基础上,给出了大中型隧道火灾主要起因统计,根据隧道火灾起因和故障树(FTA)分析原理,建立了隧道火灾起因故障树,通过计算故障树各基本事件发生的概率,计算出各基本事件关键重要度并进行排序,找出了导致隧道火灾的常见高频原因,并提出了防范隧道火灾的措施.     

长大隧道消防安全评估的新思路

基于系统安全分析方法并结合数理统计理论,建立了隧道消防安全系统原理图及评估指标体系,构造了一种基于统计基础上的综合评估函数,提出了公路隧道消防安全等级评估的新思路.以雪峰山隧道的实例计算表明,该评估模型具有简便性、可操作性和准确性,能全面地反映隧道消防安全系统状况,以便及时发现隐患,减少火灾的潜在危险.